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Colonization

Colonization. Individual versus National. WhoExplored ?. Dutch English French Spanish Scandinavian. Why Explore?. Effects. Competition between nations Desire for wealth Spread of Christianity. Destruction of Native American empires French and Indian War Disease Columbian Exchange

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Colonization

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  1. Colonization Individual versus National

  2. WhoExplored? • Dutch • English • French • Spanish • Scandinavian

  3. Why Explore? Effects • Competition between nations • Desire for wealth • Spread of Christianity • Destruction of Native American empires • French and Indian War • Disease • Columbian Exchange • Good brought from Europe; goods brought back from the Americas • Colonies in America established • Slavery in America (grows)

  4. Colonization Why did Great Britain explore?

  5. Why the British explored… • Search for wealth (wealth=power) • Mercantilism • Earning wealth through trade (GB huge population with few resources, America few people with great resources) • Collect resources/raw materials send them to GB for manufacturing turn them into finished goods and resell them to colonies • Political Strength • Becoming/maintaining world power status • Religious freedom • Pilgrims/Puritans

  6. MERCANTILISM • An economic system based on the belief that a country could only be rich if ________ continually _________into its economy and its government ___________. • Great Britain saw the colonies as a source of wealth. They wanted that wealth to flow back to Great Britain. It was always the colonists’ duty to ship most of the gold, silver, or other resources found in the colony back to Great Britain. • For about 300 years, most of the natural resources gathered in the Americas were sent to Europe.

  7. Practicing Mercantilism As you view the following pictures, take the point of view of Great Britain and ask this question, “What’s in it for me?”

  8. Remember to think – how can I make money off of this place?

  9. What did the South offer to Great Britain? • What does this mean for Great Britain in the big picture? • Long growing season • Fertile, vacant land • Sun • Access to ports/water • Freedom of religion (Maryland) What will the South need more of to meet Great Britain’s demands?

  10. When people think of Southern Plantations they usually think of . . .

  11. Economy of southern colonies • Plantations (really big farms) • Tobacco, cotton, indigo, rice, • Required labor: indentured servants (not slaves) • As the demand for cash crops increased (industrial revolution, desire for American tobacco), what happened to the demand for labor? • Slave trade developed • By 1750 slaves were the main source of labor on southern plantations

  12. GOING DEEP into the economy of southern colonies Use the following pages in your text book to answer the questions below: pages 58 – 60 , pages 62 and 63, page 74 • Other than America, where else were slaves used? • Before there were slaves from Africa, who were used as slaves? • Were slaves only used in the South? Explain your answer. • Why did colonists turn to Africa for slaves? • What is the difference between a slave and an indentured servant? http://www.crsd.org/Page/8311

  13. Students Will Be Able To . . . Understand how Great Britain’s demand for raw materials leads to the rise of port cities. Understand how the rise of port cities leads to the demand for skilled laborers. Understand how port cities become a doorway for diversity.

  14. Review of Southern Colonies • England saw the long growing season and rich, fertile land of the Southern Colonies and knew it would be a great spot to grow wheat and corn. • In order to meet Great Britain’s demand for raw materials, plantations grew. • A great amount of labor was needed to work on the plantations. At first Mexicans were used until later, when indentured servants were used because they did not have to be paid. • Consequently, everyone in the South owned a plantation and slaves.

  15. Examine the following pictures of topics related to the New England colonies. • Based on your previous knowledge identify the pictures and explain their significance.

  16. NEW ENGLAND COLONIES

  17. What did the New England colonies offer Great Britain? • Ports • Timber • Whale oil • Fisheries • Religious freedom (reformation) What does this mean for Great Britain in the big picture?

  18. New England Economy • Trade • Raw materials • Whale oil, fish, timber/lumber • Natural resources (shipped to GB); manufactured (in GB) and sold back to the colonies • Mercantilism

  19. LABOR NEEDS

  20. LABOR NEEDS • Southern colonies have plantations and need slaves • Middle Colonies have farming of staple crops and need laborers • New England colonies have ports/cities creating a demand for skilled professionals

  21. New England Community • Skilled Professionals such as . . . • Merchants, fishermen, ship builders, lumberjacks, blacksmiths, printers, weavers • Diversity among colonists (home country) • Wealth • Education • Languages • Religion

  22. WRAP UP! • Based on what you just learned, write down this cause and effect chain and fill in the boxes appropriately. • Great Britain wanted from the New England colonies so the colonists had to build for which they needed who added to the of the New England colonies.

  23. Look again . . .

  24. New England Community • Mayflower - 1620 • Mayflower Compact • Legal contract that all agreed to have fair law as to protect the general good (of the community) • Attempt at self-government (first in colonies)

  25. New England Community • Why was there no government for the colonies? What government had they been used to? • Where was the King? • First to establish local government that included… • Court system • Representative government (elections)

  26. New England Community • Why was there no government for the colonies? What government had they been used to? • Where was the King? • First to establish local government that included… • Court system • Representative government (elections)

  27. New England Community • Religion and government closely tied together • What makes that different from today’s US society? • Separation of Church and State • Government leaders were also church leaders • Where do you think the government leaders found their voters/followers?

  28. Great Migration • Religious escape (1620-1640) • Puritans • Wanting to purify the Church of England • Boston, Massachusetts • Pilgrims • Wanting to separate from the Church of England • Plymouth, Massachusetts

  29. New England Community

  30. New England Community • If we are going to survive as a community, we must… • Be family oriented • Have women and children involved • Maintain faith in religion • Provide education • Why is this a need? Read what?

  31. Education • John Harvard – 1636 • Boston, Massachusetts • William and Mary College – 1693 • Virginia

  32. New England embraced the opportunity to learn from Native Americans Will you teach us how to grow crops? Absolutely, in exchange for resources and finished goods.

  33. Thanksgiving • Exchange of information, techniques, tools (Native Americans/Colonists) • Celebration of successful harvest • Survival of the new colony

  34. What did the Middle colonies offer to Great Britain? • Blend of New England and Southern colonies • Staple crops • Wheat, barley, oats (grains) • Trade (beaver pelts) and hunting (deer) • Mining (iron, coal) • Minimal slave labor What does this mean for Great Britain in the big picture?

  35. Middle Colonies CommunityQuakers • Equality of men and women • Nonviolence • Religious tolerance http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ducKaaeVt6E&feature=related

  36. Penn’s Woods: Pennsylvania • William Penn • Establish a safe home for Quakers • Equality of men and women • Nonviolence • Religious tolerance

  37. Penn’s Woods: Pennsylvania • 1681 granted a charter by King Charles II • Penn limited his own power • Created an elected assembly (representative self-government) • Capital: Philadelphia- City of Brotherly Love(Philadelphia Freedom – Elton John) • Largest colonial city - 1760

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