LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS. JAPAN. PART 2: TYPHOONS, FLOODS, AND LANDSLIDES

1. LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS. JAPAN.PART 2: TYPHOONS, FLOODS, AND LANDSLIDES Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA 

2. NATURAL HAZARDS THAT PLACE JAPAN’S COMMUNITIES AT RISK EARTHQUAKES/TSUNAMIS GOAL: DISASTER RESILIENCE TYPHOONS FLOODS ENACT AND IMPLEMENT POLICIES HAVING HIGH BENEFIT/COST FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE LANDSLIDES VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE

3. JAPAN

4. TYPHOONS THE JAPAN’S IS AT RISK EVERY YEAR FROM TROPICAL STORMS AND TYPHOONS FORMING IN THE WESTERN PACIFIC OCEAN, ESPECIALLY IF THEY CAUSE DEVASTATING FLOODING AND LANDSLIDES AFTER LANDFALL

5. TYPHOON HAZARDS • BLDG. INVENTORY • VULNERABILITY • LOCATION • PREPAREDNESS • PROTECTION • EARLY WARNING • EMERGENCY RESPONSE • RECOVERY and • RECONSTRUCTION TYPHOON RISK POLICY OPTIONS ACCEPTABLE RISK RISK UNACCEPTABLE RISK GOAL: TYPHOON DISASTER RESILIENCE JAPAN’S COMMUNITIES DATA BASES AND INFORMATION HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS

6. Physics Of A Typhoon

7. HAZARDS OF A SEVERE WINDSTORM (AKA POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS) • WIND FIELD [CAT 1 (55 mph) TO CAT 5+ (155 mph or greater)] • DEBRIS • STORM SURGE/FLOODS • HEAVY PRECIPITATION/FLOODS • LANDSLIDES (MUDFLOWS) • COSTAL EROSION

8. CAUSES OF DAMAGE WIND PENETRATING BUILDING ENVELOPE UPLIFT OF ROOF SYSTEM FLYING DEBRIS STORM SURGE TYPHOONS IRREGULARITIES IN ELEVATION AND PLAN “DISASTER LABORATORIES” SITING PROBLEMS FLOODING AND LANDSLIDES

9. LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE • ALL TYPHOONS • WITHOUT ADEQUATE PROTECTION, HIGH VELOCITY WIND WILL LIFT THE ROOF OFF OF NON-ENGINEERED BUILDINGS.

10. LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE • ALL TYPHOONS. • DISASTER-INTELLIGENT COMMUNITIES USE TIMELYEARLY WARNING BASED ON CRITICAL INFORM-ATION TO EVACUATE PEOPLE AND PREPARE.

11. LESSONS LEARNED FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE • ALL TYPHOONS • CAPACITY FOR INTELLIGENT EMERGENCY RESPONSE IS ESSENTIAL FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE.

12. NOTABLE PAST TYPHOONS IMPACTING JAPAN

13. “THE WORST” Super Typhoon Vera, September 21-28, 1959 Killed 5,098; Injured 38,021

14. TYPHOON TALAS: AUG. 25 – SEPT. 5 2011

15. SUPERTYPHOON VERA

16. With heavy storm surge, rain, and winds of 160 mph, Vera slammed into the southeastern coast of Japan in Wakayama Prefecture and then proceeded northeast across Honshū, causing widespread wind damage and flooding

17. THE WORST IMPACTS WERE CAUSED BY HEAVY STORM SURGE AND FLOODING, ESPECIALLY IN NAGOYA

18. CAUSES OF RISK LOSS OF FUNCTION OF STRUCTURES IN FLOODPLAIN INUNDATION INTERACTION WITH HAZARDOUS MATERIALS STRUCTURAL/CONTENTS DAMAGE FROM WATER FLOODS WATER BORNE DISEASES (HEALTH PROBLEMS) CASE HISTORIES EROSION AND MUDFLOWS CONTAMINATION OF GROUND WATER

19. 2011 Just 6 months after the historic March 11th earthquake-tsunami

20. TRACKS OF 2011’S TYPHOONS

21. TYPHOON TALAS: AUG. 25 – SEPT. 5 2011

22. TYPHOON TALAS • Talas, which left 26 dead, was the worst to hit Japan since 2004, when 98 people were killed or reported missing.

23. TYPHOON TALAS • One-half million were advised to evacuate to shelters • Thousands were stranded as rain washed out bridges, railways and roads and landslides blocked access

24. TYPHOON TALAS: SEARCH AND RESCUE AFTER LANDSLIDE

25. CAUSES OF DAMAGE SITING AND BUILDING ON UNSTABLE SLOPES SOIL AND ROCK SUCEPTIBLE TO FALLS SOIL AND ROCK SUCEPTIBLE TO TOPPLES SOIL AND ROCK SUCEPTIBLE TO SPREADS LANDSLIDES SOIL AND ROCK SUSCEPTIBLE TO FLOWS CASE HISTORIES PRECIPITATION THAT TRIGGERS SLOPE FAILURE SHAKING GROUND SHAKING THAT TRIGGERS SLOPE FAILURE

26. 2012

27. 22STORM TRACKS AS OF OCTOBER 21, 2012

28. GUCHOL: 1ST TYPHOON OF SEASON: JUNE 19, 2012

29. GUCHOL: A CAT I STORM • Guchol caused heightened concerns for safety at the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant, damaged earlier in the March 2011 earthquake and tsunami.

30. GUCHOL: A RAINMAKER • High waves, heavy rain (9 cm/hr) and strong winds impacted the south coast of Honshu as far east as Nagoya and the Izu peninsula, southwest of Tokyo. • Evacuation advisory issued for 10,000 residents.

31. SANBA: A SUPER TYPHOON, ENTOUTE TO LANDFALL ON KOREAN PINUNSULA

32. JAPAN: IMPACTS OF SANBA • Heavy rain and high velocity winds impacted southwestern Japan. • The rain caused flooding and landslides. • 67,000 homes in Japan lost power.

33. TYPHOON JELAWAT’S PATH: SEPT. 20 - OCT. 1, 2012

34. TYPHOON JELAWAT:SEPTEMBER 28

35. WIND OVERTURNED A VEHICLE IN NAHA CITY, OKINAWA

36. The wind field that reached 300 kph when Typhoon Jelawat jumped over Okinawa decreased to 120 kph when it reached Tokyo .

37. LESSONS LEARNED FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE • ALL NATURAL HAZARDS • CAPACITY FOR RECOVERY AND RECONSTRUCTIONIS ESSENTIAL FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE.

38. RISK ASSESSMENT • VULNERABILITY • EXPOSURE • EVENT • COST • BENEFIT TYPHOONS EXPECTED LOSS POLICY ADOPTION • CONSEQUENCES POLICY ASSESSMENT TOWARDS TYPHOON DISASTER RESILIENCE