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Period 3

Period 3. 1754-1800 12% of the test. The French and Indian War (1756-1763 ) ( Seven Years War ). war of empire between France/England mainly fought in North America Colonies fought with England France successful at first England eventually wins

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Period 3

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  1. Period 3 1754-1800 12% of the test

  2. The French and Indian War (1756-1763)(Seven Years War) • war of empire between France/England • mainly fought in North America • Colonies fought with England • France successful at first • England eventually wins • claiming all French territory in North America • It greatly increased England’s debt. • Began to tax Colonies to replenish treasury • Turning point between England and colonies • French defeat left Native-Americans in a vulnerable position by ending long standing trade agreements with the colonies

  3. Road to Revolution • French and Indian War ends, 1763 • Period of Salutary Neglectends • 1607-1763 British interfered very little with colonies • 1763, England tightens control on the colonies • Taxes, laws, reduced rights • Colonist felt restricted by laws passed by British Government

  4. Test Tip • The French and Indian War has generated both long and short answer essays in the past. • Be sure you can explain why it was a turning point in American/British relations • England began taxing colonies, colonies resisted, British impose sanctions • And how it affected Native-Americans • Lost an ally when French were expelled from North America and British did not renew trade agreements and imposed Proclamation Act of 1763

  5. Hoping to avoid any future conflicts with Native-Americans Banned new settlement west of Appalachian Mountains Can’t afford to protect them from Native-Americans Infuriated colonials Colonials ignored the proclamation The Proclamation of 1763

  6. 1765 - Stamp Act • 1st direct tax on the colonies • Tax on all printed materials • Results in The Stamp Act Congress, 1765 • Protest the Stamp Act • 9/13 colonies showed up • 1st united effort • Boycott English goods • Sent a letter of protest • King repeals the tax

  7. 1773-Boston Tea Party • Sons of Liberty protest tea policy • Leads to Intolerable (Coercive)Acts, 1774 • Designed to punish Boston • More soldiers sent to Boston, Quartering Act, closes Port of Boston

  8. 1774 - 1st Continental Congress • 12 colonies came together to protest the Intolerable Acts • Resolved that an attack on one colony is an attack on all 13 • Boycott British Goods and send a letter of Protest • British reply with tougher policies

  9. 1776, Thomas Paine writes “Common Sense”lists reasons to rebel

  10. Picture drawn by Ben Franklin in 1754 • This cartoon was used in the French and Indian War to symbolize that the colonies needed to join together with Great Britain to defeat the French and Indians. • Will be used again to encourage unity against England

  11. May, 1775, Second Continental Congress

  12. 1776-Second Continental Congress • 1st National Government • Appointed George Washington as Commander in Chief of Colonial Army

  13. adopts The Declaration of Independence

  14. 1777-Battle of Saratogaturning point of War, French Join Colonies

  15. Test Tip • APUSH Exam writers rarely ask questions about battles but Saratoga might be an exception. Know the consequences of this battle

  16. 1783-Treaty of Paris • Ended the War • Granted independence • Fishing rights off the Grand Banks

  17. Set boundaries for the new nation • land between Appalachian Mountains and Mississippi River

  18. Creating a New Government 1781-1789

  19. Articles of Confederation - 1781-89 First Constitution of the United States weak central government Could not tax States held most power One branch govt. Legislative branch 9 states must agree in order to pass a law 13 states must agree in order to amend No president, no supreme court Mainly a defensive pact

  20. 1783-1789known as “The Critical Period” • Nation nearly failed

  21. Shay’s Rebellion • Daniel Shays • led a rebellion by Massachusetts farmers against unfair economic conditions and laws. • Did not attempt to overthrow Mass. Govt. • Showed that the Government was ineffective • US political leadership realized something had to be done • Invitations sent to all States to send representatives to Annapolis, Maryland • 5 States showed up

  22. Constitutional Convention-1787 • Convened to Strengthen The Articles of Confederation • new system of government was needed • Decided to meet in secret sessions • Elected George Washington as President of the Convention

  23. Basic Principles • Popular Sovereignty • Government gets its power from consent of the people • Separation of Powers • Created 3 branches of government • Legislative, Executive, Judicial Branch • each Branch has its own power and responsibility • Checks and Balances • Each Branch has some control over other two • Maintains the separation of powers

  24. Bundle of Compromises • How to decide Representation? • Two Plans proposed • Virginia Plan • representation by population • Bicameral legislature • New Jersey Plan • equal representation • Unicameral legislature • Connecticut Compromise (The Great Compromise) • Bicameral • lower house - representation by population • upper house - equal representation • both must agree before a law is passed

  25. North vs. South Issues • The 3/5’s Compromise • three out of five slaves would be counted for taxation and representation • Commerce and Slave Trade Compromise • congress could regulate trade and slave trade to be outlawed in 20 years (1808)

  26. Ratification Process • Approval by 9 of 13 States needed • Federalist • For • Constitution would create a government where power is shared between state /federal levels • Would make it difficult for special interest to dominate government • Anti-Federalist • Opposed • wanted rights guaranteed • Believed new national government would overwhelm the states • President would have too much power

  27. Federalist Papers • Series of essays explaining reasons why Constitution should be approved • Collected and published in book form • to convince people of New York to support new constitution

  28. Adopted 1791 • protects our individual rights • Added to appease the Anti-Federalists

  29. Test Tip • Remember the Bill of Rights was not part of the constitution when ratified in 1788. Be sure you carefully read each question paying special attention to qualifying phrases.

  30. The Constitution • Establish legitimacy, right to rule • The Supreme Law of the Land • establishes “Popular Sovereignty” • the people have the final authority in government

  31. Structure • Preamble • introduction/purpose of Constitution • Articles (7) • rules/powers • Article 1, section 8, clause 18 • Elastic clause • Allows flexibility to make laws to meet the needs of the people • Amendments - 27 • Difficult to amend but not impossible • 1-10 are the Bill of Rights • 13-15 are the Civil War Amendments • 16-27 are the 20th century amendments • 1913-1992

  32. Be Able to Compare the two

  33. The Federalist Era 1789 - 1800

  34. Launching the New Nation • George elected first President, 1789-1797 • New York City, first capital • future Presidents will follow his example • served two terms (8 years) • Established a cabinet to assist him • Secretary of State-Thomas Jefferson • Secretary of Treasury-Alexander Hamilton • Secretary of War-Henry Knox War • Attorney General-Edmund Randolph

  35. Whiskey Rebellion, 1794 • A tax was placed on distilled products • A protest was organized that eventually became violent • Washington ordered the militia to end the protest • First real test of governments law enforcement power

  36. Alexander Hamilton’s Economic Policies • Promote economic growth • Strengthen the new nations finances • Establish a national bank • Fund the national debt • Assume state debts • Clashed with Jefferson • Jefferson favored strict interpretation of the Constitution • Hamilton favored Loose interpretation

  37. Washington’s Farewell Address • How great the new government is • warns the people that • political factions (parties) intention • take power from the people • place it in the hands of unjust men. • advises U.S. to stay out of foreign affairs, stay neutral.

  38. Test Tip • Washington has been largely ignored on the exam except for his farewell address • Hamilton is an APUSH exam super star. Many multiple choice questions feature his economic and political ideas

  39. John Adams, 2nd President 1797-1801 • Election of 1796, first election involving Parties • Adams – Federalists • Jefferson – Dem-Rep • Defeated Jefferson in a close election, 71-68 Electoral Votes • Jefferson becomes VP. • very blunt, impatient • not very popular • Very controversial during his term • 1st President to live in the White House

  40. XYZ Affair • American diplomats sent to France in 1797 to negotiate problems • 3 French diplomats demanded bribes and a loan before formal negotiations could begin. • name derives from the substitution of the letters for the names of French diplomats • It led to the undeclared Quasi-War, 1798-1800, with France • Eventually resolved by Adams thru diplomacy

  41. Alien and Sedition Acts, 1798 • Naturalization Act • Made it harder to become an American citizen • Lengthened residence requirement from 5 to 14 years • The Alien Act • Gave President authority to deport any “dangerous” foreigner • Sedition Act • Illegal to “print, write or speak in a scandalous or malicious way against government.

  42. Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions • Attempt to Nullify the Alien and Sedition Acts • authored by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison. • argued that the government had no authority to exercise this power. • asked the other states to do the same • 10 disapproved of the resolutions

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