24 September 2013

1. 24 September 2013 Today’s Bell Ringer • The beginning of the second half of this 9 weeks. • Cell structure, cell theory, cell membrane. • As you get settled today, think about what a cell is. • Write down what you know about cells and we will talk about them later this morning.

2. Cell Facts - http://www.ted.com/talks/david_bolinsky_animates_a_cell.html • There are anywhere from 75 to 100 trillion cells in the body. • There are more bacterial cells in the body than human cells. • Prokaryotes are the most primitive forms of life on earth. • Cells have varying life spans. • Cells commit suicide. • Cells contain structures called organelles that carry out functions for the cell. • Microscopes are required to see cells. • An egg is one cell. • One single cell contains two meters of DNA. • Humans shed and regrow outer skin cells about every 27 days.

3. 26 September 2013 Today’s Bell Ringer Without looking at your text, can you write down the three parts of the Cell Theory? What is a Theory? How does it differ from a Law? Study Guide pages: 21 & 22 An online animation to help learn about cell organelles http://www.carolina.com/teacher-resources/Interactive/online-game-cell-structure-cellcraft-biology/tr11062.tr

4. The cell theory grew out of the work of many scientists and improvements in the microscope. • Many scientists contributed to the cell theory. • As technology advanced, more was learned about cells. • Advances include better lenses in microscopes.

5. Early studies led to the development of the cell theory. • The Cell theory has three principles. • - All organisms are made of cells. • - All existing cells are produced by other living cells. • - The cell is the most basic unit of life.

6. Lung cancer cell undergoing cell division The aquatic plant elodea

7. Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic

8. Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and most internal structures of eukaryotic cells. • All cells share certain characteristics.

9. Bacterium (colored SEM; magnification 8800x) • Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and most internal structures of eukaryotic cells. • All cells share certain characteristics. • Cells tend to be microscopic.

10. cell membrane Bacterium (colored SEM; magnification 8800x) • Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and most internal structures of eukaryotic cells. • All cells share certain characteristics. • Cells tend to be microscopic. • All cells are enclosed by a membrane.

11. cell membrane cytoplasm Bacterium (colored SEM; magnification 8800x) • Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and most internal structures of eukaryotic cells. • All cells share certain characteristics. • Cells tend to be microscopic. • All cells are enclosed by a membrane. • All cells are filled with cytoplasm.

12. There are two cell types: eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells.

13. nucleus cell membrane • There are two cell types: eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells. • Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus.

14. nucleus organelles cell membrane • There are two cell types: eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells. • Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus. • Prokaryotic cells do not have membrane- bound organelles.

15. nucleus organelles cell membrane • There are two cell types: eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells. • Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus.

16. nucleus organelles cell membrane cytoplasm • There are two cell types: eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells. • Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus. • Prokaryotic cells do not have membrane-bound organelles.

17. 27 September 2013 Today’s Bell Ringer Using Microscopes – Pick up the microscope handouts and label the parts of a microscope. There are four types of microscopes. * dissecting – scanning electron – transmission electron – compound

18. Dissecting Microscope – used to closely observe larger objects.

19. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM )– electron beams are used to scan the surface topography of an object.

20. Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) – a beam of electrons is transmitted through an ultra-thin specimen, interacting with the specimen as it passes through. Chlamydomonas

21. Compound Microscope – used for examining things too small to see with your eyes.

22. 30 September 2013 Today’s Bell Ringer Cell organelles – Write down the definition of an Organelle Begin working in the Study Guide, pages 23 & 24 ☺ Quiz Thursday on cells and organelles Latin Roots http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Greek_and_Latin_roots_in_English#A

23. PROKARYOTE EUKARYOTE

24. KEY CONCEPT Eukaryotic cells share many similarities.

25. Cells have an internal structure.

26. Cells have an internal structure. • The cytoskeleton has many functions.

27. Cells have an internal structure. • The cytoskeleton has many functions. • supports and shapes cell

28. Cells have an internal structure. • The cytoskeleton has many functions. • supports and shapes cell • helps position and transport organelles

29. Cells have an internal structure. • The cytoskeleton has many functions. • supports and shapes cell • helps position and transport organelles • provides strength

30. Cells have an internal structure. • The cytoskeleton has many functions. • supports and shapes cell • helps position and transport organelles • provides strength • assists in cell division

31. Cells have an internal structure. • The cytoskeleton has many functions. • supports and shapes cell • helps position and transport organelles • provides strength • assists in cell division • aids in cell movement

32. Several organelles are involved in making and processing proteins.

33. Several organelles are involved in making and processing proteins. • The nucleus stores genetic information.

34. Several organelles are involved in making and processing proteins. • The nucleus stores genetic information. • Many processes occur in the endoplasmic reticulum. (ER) Smooth Rough

35. Several organelles are involved in making and processing proteins. • The nucleus stores genetic information. • Many processes occur in the endoplasmic reticulum. • There are two types • of endoplasmic reticulum.

36. Several organelles are involved in making and processing proteins. • The nucleus stores genetic information. • Many processes occur in the endoplasmic reticulum. • There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum. • rough endoplasmic reticulum

37. Several organelles are involved in making and processing proteins. • The nucleus stores genetic information. • Many processes occur in the endoplasmic reticulum. • There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum. • rough endoplasmic reticulum • smooth endoplasmic reticulum

38. Several organelles are involved in making and processing proteins. (continued)

39. Several organelles are involved in making and processing proteins. (continued) • Ribosomes link amino acids to form proteins.

40. Several organelles are involved in making and processing proteins. (continued) • Ribosomes link amino acids to form proteins. • The Golgi apparatus processes, sorts, and ships these proteins. • Vesicles are membrane-bound sacs that hold materials.

41. Other organelles have various functions.

42. Other organelles have various functions. • Mitochondriasupply energy to the cell. - Plants and animals

43. Other organelles have various functions. • Mitochondria supply energy to the cell. • Vacuoles are fluid-filled sacs that hold materials. Plants only

44. Other organelles have various functions. • Mitochondria supply energy to the cell. • Vacuoles are fluid-filled sacs that hold materials. • Lysosomescontain enzymes to digest material. Animals only

45. Other organelles have various functions. • Mitochondria supply energy to the cell. • Vacuoles are fluid-filled sacs that hold materials. • Lysosomes contain enzymes to digest material. • Centrioles are tubes found in the centrosomes.

46. Other organelles have various functions. • Mitochondria supply energy to the cell. • Vacuoles are fluid-filled sacs that hold materials. • Lysosomes contain enzymes to digest material. • Centrioles are tubes found in the centrosomes. • Centrioles help divide DNA.

47. Other organelles have various functions. • Mitochondria supply energy to the cell. • Vacuoles are fluid-filled sacs that hold materials. • Lysosomes contain enzymes to digest material. • Centrioles are tubes found in the centrosomes. • Centrioles help divide DNA. • Centrioles form cilia and flagella.

48. Plant cells have cell walls and chloroplasts.

49. Plant cells have cell walls and chloroplasts. • A cell wall provides rigid support.

50. Plant cells have cell walls and chloroplasts. • A cell wall provides rigid support. • Chloroplasts convert solar energy to chemical energy.