1 / 14

Parathyroid Glands

Sam Pandey and Ben Cherry P:6 1/13/13. Parathyroid Glands. Location. We normally have 4 parathyroid glands total Located in the neck Exist behind the Thyroid gland Exist in groups of two Two on the left of the thyroid and two on the right. Hormones .

hagop
Download Presentation

Parathyroid Glands

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Sam Pandey and Ben Cherry P:6 1/13/13 Parathyroid Glands

  2. Location • We normally have 4 parathyroid glands total • Located in the neck • Exist behind the Thyroid gland • Exist in groups of two • Two on the left of the thyroid and two on the right

  3. Hormones • Parathyroid Gland secretes two main hormones • The Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)-Positive hormone • Calcitonin-Negative hormone

  4. Effects on human body • Both PTH and calcitonin regulate calcium levels • PTH increases the level of calcium and phosphorous if level is low (osteoclast activation) • PTH acts upon both bones and kidneys • Withdraws calcium from urine • Calcitonin inhibits osteoclasts

  5. Roles on homeostasis • Parathyroid hormone controls calcium • Calcium plays an enormous role in maintenance of homeostasis • Effects neuromuscular excitability, blood clotting, cell membrane permeability and functioning of certain enzymes • Calcium is very important…

  6. Facts about calcium • The most important roles of calcium are… • Provide means for electrical impulses to travel • Provide electrical energy to nervous system • Provide electrical energy to muscular system • Provide strength to skeletal system

  7. Positive Feedback Mechanisms • Low blood calcium level leads to… • Increased secretion of PTH • Further osteoclast activation • Increase in bone matrix breakdown • Calcium transported to bloodstream • Blood-calcium level increase • Ultimately achieving normal BCL

  8. Negative feedback (antagonistic) • High blood calcium leads to… • Increased secretions in calcitonin (antagonistic hormone) • Reduced or inhibits osteoclast activity • Decrease in bone matrix breakdown • Ultimately achieving normal BCL

  9. Trouble • Hyperparathyroidism- a disease in which the parathyroid gland secretes too much PTH. • Blood calcium levels soar • Life threatening • Can kill in an average of 20 years

  10. Hyperparathyroidism • Symptoms • Constipation • Lethargy • Muscle weakness • Muscle spasms • Osteoporosis • Coma • Death

  11. Hypoparathyroidism • A rare condition in which body secretes low levels of PTH • Low production of PTH ultimately leads to low ionized levels of calcium in blood • Also causes increased levels of phosphorous • Lethal if not treated

  12. Symptoms • Hypocalcemia • Increased neuromuscular irritability • Muscles spasms • Convulsions • Seizures • Tingling sensations • Painful menstruation • death

  13. Treatments • Hyperparathyroidism is very curable if dealt with correctly • Surgeries are available • Cure rates are usually in the 90-100% range • Hypoparathyroidismis not curable by surgery • Pills and other supplements are available • Patients must take these supplements often times throughout their life

  14. Sources • Anthony’s Textbook of Anatomy & Physiology • http://www.parathyroid.com/parathyroid.htm • http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hypoparathyroidism/basics/definition/con-20030780 • http://www.medicinenet.com/hyperparathyroidism/article.htm

More Related