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Classification of Living Things

Classification of Living Things. http://analyzer.depaul.edu/astrobiology/kingdoms.jpg. TAXONOMY.

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Classification of Living Things

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  1. Classification of Living Things http://analyzer.depaul.edu/astrobiology/kingdoms.jpg

  2. TAXONOMY _______________ = branch of biology that names and groups organisms according to their _________________________Does it have a backbone? Feathers? Gills? Flippers?__________________________How has organism changed in fossil record? What other organisms is it related to? CHARACTERISTICS EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY

  3. Carolus Linnaeus comes to the rescue! Devised a new classification system based on _________________ (Organism’s form and structure) MORPHOLOGY (1707-1778) Image from: http://www.medusozoa.com/images/linnaeus.jpg

  4. Linnaeus’s System HIERARCHY Grouped in a _____________ of 7 different levels Each organism has a two part LATIN __________________ SCIENTIFIC NAME

  5. Kids Prefer Cheese Over Fried Green Spinach • Kingdom • Phylum • Class • Order • Family • Genus • Species

  6. Kingdom • Phylum • Class • Order • Family • Genus Species Animalia Chordata Mammalia Carnivora Felidae Panthera leo http://www.vetmed.wisc.edu/dms/fapm/personnel/tom_b/2004-lion.jpg

  7. Kidspiration by Riedell

  8. BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE(2 name naming system) • 1st name = _______________ • Always capitalized GENUS NAME SPECIES IDENTIFIER • 2nd name = _________________ • Always lower case UNDERLINED • Both names are ______________ or written in ____________. ITALICS

  9. Binomial Nomenclature Vampire batDesmodus rotundus Image from: http://212.84.179.117/i/Vampire%20Bat.jpg Eastern chipmunk Tamias striatus Image from: http://www.entm.purdue.edu/wildlife/chipmunk_pictures.htm

  10. Binomial nomenclature Humans Homo sapiens Homo sapiens Image from: http://www.earlylearning.ubc.ca/images/photo_baby.jpg

  11. So what do we use now? MODERN TAXONOMY Still use Linnaeus’s system: but we have added more _____________ KINGDOMS Remember: Linnaeus only had 2.

  12. Modern Taxonomy Kidspiration by Riedell

  13. MODERN TAXONOMY organizes living things in the context of _________________ Evolution http://animals.timduru.org/dirlist/dino/FlyingDinosaurus-Pterodon-fossil.jpg

  14. MODERN TAXONOMY • Scientists use different kinds of info • to classify organisms: • ______________________ • ______________________ • ______________________ • ______________________ • ______________________ Fossil record Morphology Embryology Chromosomes Macromolecules (DNA & proteins)

  15. 1. FOSSIL RECORD We can trace some changes over time through the fossil record. Evolutionary history = _____________ PHYLOGENY http://www.familyeducation.com/printables/display/0,2361,1650,00.gif

  16. 2. MORPHOLOGY Shape and Function Image from: http://www.angelfire.com/ab7/evolution12/evolutionclues.html

  17. MORPHOLOGY HOMOLOGOUS _________________ characteristics: same embryological origin (may have similar structure and function) EX: __________________________ Bat wing & human arm Homologous characteristics suggest a _____________________. Recent common ancestor

  18. HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURES Image from: http://www.angelfire.com/ab7/evolution12/evolutionclues.html Bat wing and human arm develop from same embryonic structures

  19. MORPHOLOGY ______________ characteristics:may have similar structure & function but different origin EX: _______________________ ANALOGOUS Bird wing & butterfly wing ANALOGOUS characteristics evolved separately.Organisms ________________________. NOT CLOSELY RELATED

  20. ANALOGOUSSTRUCTURES Insects and birds NOT closely related! http://uk.dk.com/static/cs/uk/11/clipart/bird/image_bird003.html http://www.naturenorth.com/butterfly/images/05a%20tiger%20wing.jpg

  21. 3. EMBRYOLOGY Animals whose embryos develop in a similar pattern may be related Image from: http://calspace.ucsd.edu/virtualmuseum/litu/03_3.shtml

  22. 4. CHROMOSOMES Similar genetics suggest closer relationships. Human: http://www.nationmaster.com/wikimir/images/upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/18/300px-Human_karyogram.png Chimpanzee: Middle School Life Science , published by Kendall/Hunt.

  23. 5. MACROMOLECULES Compare molecules like _________________ _________________ Organisms with similar sequences are probably more closely related. PROTEINS (amino acids) DNA

  24. So what do we use now? _________________-based on multiple kinds of evidence 6 KINGDOMS Protista Animalia Eubacteria Archaebacteria Plantae Fungi

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