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WOW Macromolecules

WOW Macromolecules. Polymers. What do all macromolecules have in common?. They all contain Carbon Has 4 valence electrons. What do all macromolecules have in common?. 2. They are all polymers A polymer is a long molecule consisting of many similar building blocks called monomers.

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WOW Macromolecules

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  1. WOW Macromolecules Polymers.

  2. What do all macromolecules have in common? • They all contain Carbon • Has 4 valence electrons

  3. What do all macromolecules have in common? 2. They are all polymers • A polymer is a long molecule consisting of many similar building blocks called monomers What is a polymer? 3. They are all assembled by a Dehydration reaction (Condensation). How are polymers assembled?

  4. 1 HO H 3 2 H HO Unlinked monomer Short polymer Dehydration removes a watermolecule, forming a new bond H2O 1 2 3 4 HO H Longer polymer (a) Dehydration reaction in the synthesis of a polymer Figure5.2A Dehydration (Condensation) Reaction

  5. 1 3 HO 4 2 H Hydrolysis adds a watermolecule, breaking a bond H2O 1 2 H HO 3 H HO (b) Hydrolysis of a polymer Figure 5.2B • Polymers are disassembled by • Hydrolysis

  6. 1. Carbohydrates- polysaccharide Starch- plants storage sugar Cellulose plant cell wall Examples in the cell

  7. Chitin- exoskeleton of insects Glycogen- how the body stores sugar

  8. Carbohydrates • Monomer = Monosaccharide (simple sugar) • Type of bond = glycosidic linkage • Function: • Storage and structural support

  9. 2. Lipids Examples in the cell Fats- lipids in animals Oils – Lipids in plants

  10. Phospholipids -make up cell membrane Steroids –Hormones in the cell.

  11. Lipids • Monomer = Fatty acid tail Ester linkage • Type of bond = ester linkage • Function: • Energy storage • Protection

  12. 3. Proteins • Proteins - more than 50% of dry mass of cells • Functions include: • Enzymes • Structural • Storage • Transport • Hormonal (cellular communication) • Receptor • Contractile (movement) • Defensive Proteins in mouse cells Animation: Protein Functions

  13. Proteins Examples in the cell Enzymes- speed up chemical reactions

  14. Proteins • Monomer = Amino Acid • Type of bond = Peptide Bond • Function: • Diverse and many

  15. LE 5-20a Amino end Amino acid subunits Proteins level of structure1. Primary Carboxyl end

  16. Proteins level of structure2. Secondary LE 5-20b b pleated sheet Amino acid subunits  helix

  17. LE 5-20d Proteins level of structure3. Tertiary Hydrophobic interactions and van der Waals interactions Polypeptide backbone Hydrogen bond Disulfide bridge Ionic bond

  18. LE 5-20e Polypeptide chain b Chains Proteins level of structure4. Quaternary Iron Heme a Chains Hemoglobin Polypeptide chain Collagen

  19. 4. Nucleic Acids Examples in the cell DNA stores genetic information RNA – Carries genetic code to cell.

  20. Nucleic Acids • Monomer = Nucleotide • Type of bond = Covalent and Hydrogen bond between bases • Function: • Store genetic information

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