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Animal Cognition

Animal Cognition. Lecture 2 Perception & Concept Formation Clive D. L. Wynne. Vision in Birds: UV. Human. Bird, bee…. Vision in birds: 6 color channels. Retinal anatomy: Absorption of light by photopigments. Vision in birds: 6 color channels. Behavior:

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Animal Cognition

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  1. Animal Cognition Lecture 2 Perception & Concept Formation Clive D. L. Wynne

  2. Vision in Birds: UV Human Bird, bee…

  3. Vision in birds: 6 color channels Retinal anatomy: Absorption of light by photopigments

  4. Vision in birds: 6 color channels Behavior: Wavelength discrimination functions

  5. Vision in birds: Polarization • Pigeons are sensitive to the direction of polarization of the sun’s light

  6. Smell • Enables detection of low concentrations of chemicals over distances • Important for finding food • also communication (pheromones) • Insects: Wasps find caterpillars on plants; honeybees find flowers; male • Currant clearwings attracted to female pheromone

  7. Smell • Dogs! • Turkish hamsters recognize different brothers’ smells • Female house mouse prefer odor of male mice from near home; when sexually receptive prefer odor of dominant male mouse • Female bank voles abort pregnancy if smell non-father male • Hedgehogs prefer forage at sites contaminated by chipmunks (not predators) to badgers (predators). • Pigeons use smell in navigation

  8. Hearing • Birds (owls, harriers) and humans can localize sound source to 2º out of 360º • Eastern towhees estimate distance with error of 7% and direction error 9º. • Territorial – played calls of other male towhees. • Rodents have good low frequency hearing (< 150 Hz). • Bats and dolphins hear up to 100 kHz • Humans 100 Hz  20 kHz

  9. Hearing in bats

  10. Hearing in bats

  11. Weakly electric African fish

  12. Weakly electric African fish

  13. Magnetic sensitivity • Honeybees can be trained to select food container on top of a magnetic in preference to less food (in identical container) not placed on a Magnet (Walker & Bitterman, 1985). • Migrating fish may use magnetic fields • Magnetite in heads of monarch butterflies.

  14. Pigeon homing: Magnetic Compass • Pigeon homing is disturbed by • sunspot activity (which upsets the earth’s magnetic field), • magnetic storms • local magnetic anomalies.

  15. S E W N Pigeon homing: Magnetic Compass anticlockwise current clockwise current sunny day overcast day

  16. S anticlockwise current clockwise current E W N sunny day overcast day Pigeon homing: Magnetic Compass

  17. Perceptual concepts Easy positive Hard positive Easy negative Hard negative

  18. Animal Number Sense • Clever Hans • Relative number: Few vs. more • Absolute number • Counting

  19. Relative number

  20. Absolute number

  21. Absolute number

  22. Counting • Tagging: A certain number name or tag goes with a certain quantity of items. • ‘1’ stands for a single item. • Cardinality: Tag applied to the last item of a set is the name for the number of items in that set.

  23. Counting: Ai (chimp) Ai Counting Ai Counting with memory Ai vs. humans

  24. Counting: Brannon & Terrace (macaques)

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