Standard Addressed: 11.7 Students analyze America’s participation in World War II.

1. Standard Addressed: 11.7 Students analyze America’s participation in World War II. Lesson Objectives: Section 3 - The War in the Pacific • 1. Identify key turning points in the war in the Pacific. • 2. Describe the Allied offensive against the Japanese. • 3. Explain both the development of the atomic bomb and debates about its use. • 4. Describe the challenges faced by the Allies in building a just and lasting peace.

2. A BULLDOG ALWAYS Commitment Attitude CARES Respect Encouragement Safety

3. THE UNITED STATES IN WORLD WAR II In order to defeat Japan and end the war in the Pacific, the United States unleashes a terrible new weapon, the atomic bomb.

4. SECTION 3: THE WAR IN THE PACIFIC • The Americans did not celebrate long, as Japan was busy conquering an empire that dwarfed Hitler’s Third Reich • Japan had conquered much of southeast Asia including the Dutch East Indies, Guam, and most of China

5. SECTION 3 The War in the Pacific The Allies Stem the Japanese Tide • Japanese Advances • In first 6 months after Pearl Harbor, Japan conquers empire • Gen. Douglas MacArthur leads Allied forces in Philippines • March 1942 U.S., Filipino troops trapped on Bataan Peninsula • FDR orders MacArthur to leave; thousands of troops remain Continued . . . NEXT

6. The Bataan Death March which began on April 9, 1942, was the forcible transfer by the Imperial Japanese Army of 60,000–80,000 Filipino and American prisoners of war after the three-month Battle of Bataan in the Philippines during World War II. All told, approximately 2,500–10,000 Filipino and 100–650 American prisoners of war died before they could reach their destination at Camp O'Donnel

8. The War in the Pacific

9. SECTION 3 The War in the Pacific The Allies Stem the Japanese Tide • Doolittle’s Raid • April 1942, Lt. Col. James Doolittle leads raid on Tokyo Continued . . . NEXT

13. SECTION 3 continuedThe Allies Stem the Japanese Tide • Battle of the Coral Sea • May 1942, U.S., Australian soldiers stop Japanese drive to Australia • For first time since Pearl Harbor, Japanese invasion turned back NEXT

14. BATTLE OF THE CORAL SEA • The main Allied forces in the Pacific were Americans and Australians • In May 1942 they succeeded in stopping the Japanese drive toward Australia in the five-day Battle of the Coral Sea

20. SECTION 3 continuedThe Allies Stem the Japanese Tide • The Battle of Midway • Admiral Chester Nimitz commands U.S. naval forces in Pacific • Allies break Japanese code, win Battle of Midway, stop Japan again • Allies advance island by island to Japan NEXT

21. THE BATTLE OF MIDWAY • Japan’s next thrust was toward Midway Island – a strategic Island northwest of Hawaii • Admiral Chester Nimitz, the Commander of American Naval forces in the Pacific, moved to defend the Island • The Americans won a decisive victory as their planes destroyed 4 Japanese aircraft carriers and 250 planes

22. The Battle of Midway was a turning point in the war – soon the Allies were island hopping toward Japan

23. The War in the Pacific

24. SECTION 3 The Allies Go on the Offensive • The Allied Offensive • Allied offensive begins August 1942 in Guadalcanal • October 1944, Allies converge on Leyte Island in Philippines • - return of MacArthur Continued . . . NEXT

26. The War in the Pacific

27. SECTION 3 The Allies Go on the Offensive • The Japanese Defense • Japan uses kamikaze attack—pilots crash bomb-laden planes into ships • Battle of Leyte Gulf is a disaster for Japan • - Imperial Navy severely damaged; plays minor role after Continued . . . NEXT

29. KAMIKAZE PILOTS ATTACK ALLIES • The Americans continued leapfrogging across the Pacific toward Japan • Japanese countered by employing a new tactic – Kamikaze (divine wind) attacks • Pilots in small bomb-laden planes would crash into Allied ships In the Battle for the Philippines, 424 Kamikaze pilots sank 16 ships and damaged 80 more

30. The War in the Pacific

31. SECTION 3 continuedThe Allies Go on the Offensive • Iwo Jima • Iwo Jima critical as base from which planes can reach Japan • 6,000 marines die taking island; of 20,700 Japanese, 200 survive NEXT

32. IWO JIMA • General MacArthur and the Allies next turned to the Island of Iwo Jima • The island was critical to the Allies as a base for an attack on Japan • It was called the most heavily defended spot on earth • Allied and Japanese forces suffered heavy casualties American soldiers plant the flag on the Island of Iwo Jima after their victory

33. The War in the Pacific

34. SECTION 3 continuedThe Allies Go on the Offensive • The Battle for Okinawa • April 1945 U.S. Marines invade Okinawa • April–June: 7,600 U.S. troops, 110,000 Japanese die • Allies fear invasion of Japan may mean 1.5 million Allied casualties NEXT

36. THE BATTLE FOR OKINAWA • In April 1945, U.S. marines invaded Okinawa • The Japanese unleashed 1,900 Kamikaze attacks sinking 30 ships and killing 5,000 seamen • Okinawa cost the Americans 7,600 marines and the Japanese 110,000 soldiers

38. The War in the Pacific

39. INVADE JAPAN? Okinawa • After Okinawa, MacArthur predicted that a Normandy type amphibious invasion of Japan would result in 1,500,000 Allied deaths • President Truman saw only one way to avoid an invasion of Japan . . . The loss of life at Iwo Jima and Okinawa convinced Allied leaders that an invasion of Japan was not the best idea

41. SECTION 3 The Atomic Bomb Ends the War The Manhattan Project • J. Robert Oppenheimer is research director of Manhattan Project • July 1945, atomic bomb tested in New Mexico desert • President Truman orders military to drop 2 atomic bombs on Japan NEXT

42. ATOMIC BOMB DEVELOPED • Japan had a huge army that would defend every inch of the Japanese mainland • So Truman decided to use a powerful new weapon developed by scientists working on the Manhattan Project – the Atomic Bomb

43. SECTION 3 The Atomic Bomb Ends the War • Hiroshima and Nagasaki • August 6, Hiroshima, major military center, destroyed by bomb • 3 days later, bomb dropped on city of Nagasaki • September 2, 1945 Japan surrenders NEXT

44. U.S. DROPS TWO ATOMIC BOMBS ON JAPAN • Truman warned Japan in late July 1945 that without a immediate Japanese surrender, it faced “prompt and utter destruction” • On August 6 (Hiroshima) and August 9 (Nagasaki) a B-29 bomber dropped Atomic Bombs on Japan The plane and crew that dropped an atomic bomb on Hiroshima, Japan

45. August 6,1945 HIROSHIMA

46. August 9, 1945 NAGASAKI

47. The War in the Pacific

48. JAPAN SURRENDERS • Japan surrendered days after the second atomic bomb was dropped • General MacArthur said, “Today the guns are silent. The skies no longer rain death . . .the entire world is quietly at peace.” • WAR ENDS SEPT 2, 1945 At the White House, President Harry Truman announces the Japanese surrender, August 14, 1945

49. The War in the Pacific

50. SECTION 3 Rebuilding Begins • The Yalta Conference • February 1945, FDR, Churchill, Stalin meet in Yalta • - discuss post-war world • FDR, Churchill concession: temporarily divide Germany into 4 parts • Stalin promises free elections in Eastern Europe; will fight Japan • FDR gets support for conference to establish United Nations • Human Costs of the War • WW II most destructive war in human history Continued . . . NEXT