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Amides

Amides. Amide Synthesis. 13. Amide Synthesis. Amine plus carboxylic acid --> amide + HOH. Amides. Amides. Names of amides. Amides in health. Amides in health. Hydrogen Bonding in Amides. Hydrolysis of Amides. Amide plus HOH --> amine + carboxylic acid. Acid Hydrolysis of Amides.

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Amides

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  1. Amides

  2. Amide Synthesis

  3. 13. Amide Synthesis • Amine plus carboxylic acid --> amide + HOH

  4. Amides

  5. Amides

  6. Names of amides

  7. Amides in health

  8. Amides in health

  9. Hydrogen Bonding in Amides

  10. Hydrolysis of Amides • Amide plus HOH --> amine + carboxylic acid

  11. Acid Hydrolysis of Amides • Amide plus HOH --> amine + carboxylic acid • 2nd step: neutralize amine with acid

  12. Action of Neutrotransmitters • 1. NT released; 2. NT interacts w/receptor; • 3 or 4. NT released; 5 NT restored or synthesized

  13. Adrenergic Neurotransmitters

  14. Adrenergic Stimulants: • Bronchodilators and Nasal Decongestants:

  15. Adrenergic Blocking Agents or Antagonists • Antihypertensive drugs

  16. Molecular vs. Ionic acid/base structure • Acids: • Equilibrium: HA <=> H+ + A- • Form: molecular ionic • If excess H+, shift left to molecular HA • If excess OH -, shift right because H+ is neutralized as HOH - this forms the ionic A-

  17. Molecular vs. Ionic acid/base structure • Bases: • Equilibrium: B + HOH <=> BH+ + OH- • Form: molecular ionic • If excess H+, shift right to ionic BH+ because OH- is neutralized as HOH - this forms the ionic BH+ • If excess OH -, shift left to form the molecular B

  18. Molecular vs. Ionic acid/base structure • -> -> Increasing pH -> -> • pH << pK << pH • Acids: HA molecular A- ionic • Bases: BH+ ionic B molecular • Example: acetic acid - pKa = 4.7 • at pH 2 = molecular • at pH 10 = ionic • Ques. 19: phenobarbitol (acid) - pKa = 7.2 • At pH 7.4 about half ionic, half molecular - more soluble in lipid layer • At pH 8.0 more in the ionic form and more insoluble in lipid layer

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