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Africa

Africa. 1 lb. of gold for 1 lb. of salt!!!. Savannas (grassy plains) most people live here. Second largest continent in the world. Some parts have constant drought Can be land of rocky dust or desert Example: Sahara Desert in North Africa. Other parts get 400 inches of rain a year

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Africa

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  1. Africa

  2. 1 lb. of gold for 1 lb. of salt!!! Savannas (grassy plains) most people live here

  3. Second largest continent in the world. Some parts have constant drought Can be land of rocky dust or desert Example: Sahara Desert in North Africa Other parts get 400 inches of rain a year Can be land of lush, green rainforests South Africa has fertile soil and vegetation. Geographic Contrasts

  4. What were the “ships of the desert” and how did they revolutionize trade across the Sahara? • CAMELS!!! • A new form of transportation from Asia -- they could carry heavy loads across the desert, often without water!

  5. Early African People • First Humans appeared in Great Rift Valley • Nomadic lifestyle until they learned to domesticate animals • Lived in clans • Religion included animism – a religion where people believe that spirits are present in animals, plants, and other natural forces.

  6. Great Rift Valley

  7. Approx.1000 BC a massive migration began (considered one of the largest in human history). • Anthropologists debate why this occurred, some believe: • It may have been due to a growing population in ancient times, which increased the need for more food and land. It was around this time that the banana, which is native to Asia, was introduced in southern Africa. • Currently the Bantu are known more as a language group than as a distinct ethnic group.

  8. What information can we learn from this map?

  9. Kingdom of Aksum • Located by the Red Sea = modern day Ethiopia • Took over many important areas and became an important center of trade • Traded with Egypt, Arabia, Persia, India and the Roman Empire at Aksum’s key sea port called ADULIS Monsoon winds played a big role in trade with India!

  10. Trade in Aksum • Items traded: salt, rhinoceros horns, tortoise shells, ivory, emeralds, and gold • Imported cloth, glass, olive oil, wine, brass, iron and copper

  11. Aksum Religion • Traditionally monotheistic • God called Mahrem and their king Ezana was a direct descendent of him. • Offered sacrifices- animals • King Ezana converted to Christianity • In 451 A.D., Ethiopia and Egypt with become Orthodox and split from Roman Catholic

  12. Aksumite Architecture • Developed unique architecture using stone instead of mud bricks to build palaces and buildings • Used NO MORTAR • Instead they carved stones to fit together tightly • Built huge stone pillars called Stelae to celebrate king’s conquests

  13. Fall of Aksum • Aksum lasted for 800 years • Fell to invaders who practiced Islam

  14. Didjya Know???? Zimbabwe means “House of Stone”

  15. Pictures Cited • Slide 1 – http://www.cedcc.psu.edu/khanjan/ccKenya/048_African%20Sunset.JPG • Slide 3 - http://www1.istockphoto.com/file_thumbview_approve/1102986/2/istockphoto_1102986_salt_caravan_in_the_sahara_desert.jpg, http://photos.igougo.com/images/p195855-Timbuktu-The_Sahara_Desert.jpg, http://www.visituganda.com/assets/images/what/photos/008-Kibale-Chimptrees.jpg • Slide 4 - http://anthro.palomar.edu/earlyprimates/images/map_of_great_rift_valley.gif • Slide 5 - http://www.unganisha.org/home/docs/imgs/great_rift_valley/great_rift.jpg • Slide 6 - http://staff.harrisonburg.k12.va.us/~cwalton/walton/SOLPics/mapafricaaxum.JPG • Slide 7 - http://www.boneclones.com/images/ko252l_web-lg.jpg, http://www.trophyroomcollection.com/ivory/ivoryimg/ivory.JPG, http://www.emeralds.com/photos/lacruz.jpg • Slide 8 - http://wbchouston.org/files/Pictures/Christian.jpg • Slide 9 - http://cache.eb.com/eb/image?id=93423&rendTypeId=4 • Slide 10 - http://www.weltgebetsuhr.de/wgb/bilder/kaaba/original/kaaba-09.jpg

  16. Africa West African Kingdoms

  17. Ghana 800AD Not the same as present day Ghana!!!

  18. Ghana is the land of gold Two most important trading goods: 1. Gold 2. Salt Gold came from the Savanna Salt deposits were found in the Sahara Desert This important trade of gold and salt took place on the trans-Saharan trade route. The king was the only one allowed to keep gold nuggets. This way he could keep the price of gold high.

  19. Ghana Gold!

  20. Mali 1235

  21. Founded by: Sundiata Mali King In 1324 he completed one of the five pillars! Which one?? • Like Ghana, Mali became wealthy because of gold. • A man name MansaMusabecame leader of Mali. He was a devout Muslim. (about 1312) • Because of Mansa Musa, Mali grew to become twice the size of Ghana. • The city of Timbuktu became a center of trade and learning because Mansa Musa ordered mosques and universities to be built. • Timbuktu is the location of the House of Wisdom Mansa Musa ruled for 25 years. He based his system of justice on the Quran, but allowed religious freedom and toleration in his empire.

  22. SonghaiBy 1460

  23. Capital: Gao Songhai • After Mali declined, people broke away and formed a new civilization near the Niger river. • Two great rulers named: • 1. Sonni Ali • 2. Askia Muhammad

  24. Built the largest state that had ever existed in West Africa! Songhai Did not adopt Islam; followed traditional religious beliefs. • Sonni Ali captured the city of Timbuktu. • Askia Muhammad was an excellent administrator. He set up an efficient taxsystem and chose able officials. • Later they were taken over by the Moroccans who were fighting with guns. Set up a Muslim dynasty.

  25. Africa Review • What was the continent’s largest and most populated region? • What is the process where land slowly dries out? • What is the name of the largest desert in the world? • Ghana is considered the land of_________. • Who was the greatest ruler of the kingdom of Mali?

  26. Pictures Cited • Slide 1 - http://www.newbornbooks.com/african_sunset.gif • Slide 2 – http://www.massmuvtravel.com/_img/nkrumahmonument.jpg • Slide 4 – • Picture 1 – http://www.remnantsofritual.com/photos/035_StaffFinial.jpg • Picture 2 – http://newsimg.bbc.co.uk/media/images/41897000/jpg/_41897952_goldbars_bbc_1998_416.jpg • Slide 5 – • Picture 1 – http://www.ghanaweb.biz/GHP/img/pics/38278553.jpg • Picture 2 – http://www.marshall.edu/akanart/images/ohenekra.jpg • Slide 6 - http://www.whats4eats.com/graphics/cuisine/mali.jpg • Slide 8 – http://www.mrdowling.com/images/609mosque.jpg • Slide 9 – http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/sghi/hg_d_sghi_d2map.jpg • Slie 10 - http://archives.cnn.com/2000/WORLD/africa/01/03/africa.economies/mali.timbuktu.jpg

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