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Aim: How did the beliefs of Martin Luther spark the Protestant Reformation?

Aim: How did the beliefs of Martin Luther spark the Protestant Reformation?. October 15, 2012. I. The “Spark” of the Reformation. Martin Luther (1483-1546)

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Aim: How did the beliefs of Martin Luther spark the Protestant Reformation?

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  1. Aim: How did the beliefs of Martin Luther spark the Protestant Reformation? October 15, 2012

  2. I. The “Spark” of the Reformation • Martin Luther (1483-1546) • Son of a miner in the German state of Saxony (part of the Holy Roman Empire), went to the University of Erfurt with the intention of becoming a lawyer. • Joins the Church instead. Why? • Becomes a priest (1507) and a respected professor of Scriptures at the University of Wittenberg (1512-1546).

  3. I. The “Spark” of the Reformation B. Indulgences Luther lives under the ecclesiastical jurisdiction of Archbishop Albert of Mainz. Albert is authorized by Pope Leo X to sell indulgences to help pay for St. Peter’s Basilica. What are indulgences? Friar Johann Tetzel is in charge of selling the indulgences for Albert and mounts a huge advertising campaign (“As soon as the coin in the coffer rings, the soul from purgatory springs”). Luther writes the “Ninety-Five Theses” (1517) in protest. What are his main arguments against indulgences?

  4. I. The “Spark” of the Reformation C. Turning Point Luther debates Johann Eck in 1519. Luther officially breaks from the Church, states that indulgences, the Pope, the Church hierarchy, clerical celibacy and other institutions and ideas not mentioned in the Bible are not valid. Reformation has officially begun! Luther’s followers (like the Swiss priest Ulrich Zwingli) will leave the Church and call themselves Protestants.

  5. II. Church Reaction to Luther • Luther is excommunicated by Pope Leo X in 1521 • Luther is called upon to stand trial in Worms by Holy Roman Emperor Charles V (Hapsburg ruler of the Holy Roman Empire, Spain and the Netherlands) → asked to recant his heretical ideas • Luther refuses, so Charles V issues the Edict of Worms declaring Luther an outlaw and a heretic. • Luther gains protection from Frederick of Saxony (German noble).

  6. Empire of Charles V

  7. Beliefs About Salvation (what do you have to do to get into heaven?) R.C. Church: Faith in God and “good works” Protestants / Luther: Justification by Faith alone

  8. Authority on Christian Life (how do Christians learn the right way to live?) Roman Catholic Church: Pope, Church traditions and the Bible Protestants / Luther: Follow the Bible alone!

  9. Role of the Clergy R.C. Church: Pope and Clergy are the only ones who have the authority to perform religious rites and interpret the Bible Protestants / Luther: “Priesthood of all believers” →

  10. Roman Catholic Religious Practices Sex and Marriage for Clergy: Not supposed to (original sin) Sacraments: 7 sacraments Ideal Christian: Monk (pious, repentant, spends his time getting to know God) Transubstantiation: During the Eucharist, the prayers of the priest transform the bread and the wine into the actual blood and body of Christ. Protestant Religious Practices Sex and Marriage for Clergy: Clergy CAN marry and have sex. Sacraments: Kept the two that are supported by the Bible (baptism and the Eucharist) Ideal Christian: Everyman (goes to work, loves his family, goes to church) Consubstantiation: Christ is already present in the bread and wine even without the consecrating words of the priest.

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