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7 th Grade Review

7 th Grade Review. Place the magnets in the correct place. Atom. Molecule. What can you tell about the difference between atoms and molecules?. All matter is made of atoms. Molecules are combined atoms. All matter can be classified as an element or a compound . …lets give it a try!.

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7 th Grade Review

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  1. 7th Grade Review

  2. Place the magnets in the correct place. Atom Molecule

  3. What can you tell about the difference between atoms and molecules?

  4. All matter is made of atoms.

  5. Molecules are combined atoms.

  6. All matter can be classified as an element or a compound.…lets give it a try!

  7. Place the magnets in the correct place. Element Compound

  8. Now it gets tricky. Let’s put all 4 words together.

  9. Molecules Elements Compounds Made of atoms

  10. Definitions: Atom= A basic unit of matter (nucleus and surrounding electrons). Molecule = A group of two or more atoms bonded together. (Note: can be same OR different types!) Element = One or more atoms of the same type. Compound = A group of two or more different types of atoms bonded together.

  11. Cells Plant Cell Structure & Function Levels of Organization Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration

  12. Plant Cells Have these but animal cells do not

  13. Definition: a living thing that carries out life processes ORGANISM Definition: a group of organs working together to perform body functions ORGANSYSTEMS ORGAN Definition: similar tissues working together with a common purpose TISSUES Definition: similar cells working together with a common purpose CELLS Definition: smallest unit of life

  14. Photosynthesis & Respiration • Write the chemical reaction for photosynthesis showing what goes in AND what comes out.

  15. Write the chemical reaction for respiration showing what goes in AND what comes out.

  16. What is the relationship between photosynthesis and respiration?

  17. Overview

  18. Punnett Squares • Used to predict the possible phenotypes and genotypes of offspring. • Remember, each organism carries two sets of genes (one from each parent). • When they reproduce, they pass down one of these two alleles to their offspring.

  19. Punnett Squares A a • First, place the genes of one parent on the top. • We use letters (any letter will do). • Capital letters represent dominant alleles, and lower case letters are recessive.

  20. Punnett Squares A a • Next, place the genes of the other parent on the side. • Again, capital letters represent dominant alleles, and lower case letters are recessive. A a

  21. Punnett Squares A a • Now, we distribute those same letters to the boxes below or next to them. A a AA Aa aa Aa We always write the dominant allele first!

  22. Punnett Squares A a • Punnett squares tell us the POSSIBLE genotypes and phenotypes of offspring • They also tell us the CHANCE of that genotype or phenotype occurring A a AA Aa aa Aa

  23. Punnett Squares A a Genotype Phenotype AA = dominant trait Aa = dominant trait aa = recessive trait A a AA Aa aa Aa Genotype Chance AA = 1 in 4 chance (25%) Aa = 2 in 4 chance (50%) aa = 1 in 4 chance (25%) Question: How many of the 4 offspring here will show the dominant trait?

  24. Let’s practice!

  25. Adaptations & Evolution

  26. Adaptation: Any trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce in its environment

  27. AdaptationsHow many can you find?

  28. AdaptationsSpeaking of Eyes…and Teeth

  29. Evolution: The process of gradual change over timeORThe process in which inherited characteristics within a population change over generations, sometimes resulting in new species

  30. Pakicetus: 50 mya Evolution

  31. Kutchicetus: 46 mya Evolution

  32. Ambulocetus: 49 mya Evolution

  33. Dorudon: 40 mya Evolution

  34. Whale: present Evolution

  35. Videos • Whale Evolution, 1m: http://bit.ly/159GHpH • Flounder, 2m: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EIMRSt40OMk • Octopus (camouflage), 4m:http://bit.ly/YrLoFc • Octopus (mimic), 2m: http://bit.ly/159GX7U

  36. Interactions of Living Things

  37. Predator an organism that hunts, kills and eats all or part of another organism.

  38. Prey an organism that is killed and eaten by another organism.

  39. Producers organisms that use energy from the sun to make their own food.

  40. Consumers organisms that cannot make their own food, and need to eat other organisms to get their energy.

  41. There are four different kinds of consumers: • Herbivores • Carnivores • Omnivores • Decomposers

  42. 1. Herbivore an organism that eats only plants.

  43. 2. Carnivore an organism that eats only animals.

  44. 3. Omnivore an organism that eats both plants and animals.

  45. 4. Decomposers an organism that gets its energy by breaking down dead organisms into simple materials.

  46. As an organism eats it gets its energy from its food. If that organism is eaten than its energy is passed on. • A FOOD CHAIN is the path that energy takes from one organism to another.

  47. In most ecosystems, organisms eat more than one thing. • A FOOD WEB is a system of many connected food chains in an ecosystem.

  48. Energy Transfer Energy travels in one direction within an ecosystem. • As an organism is eaten only a small portion of its energy (~10%) is passed on to the next consumer in the food chain. • More organisms need to be at the base of a food chain than at the top.

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