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Human Systems

Explore economic systems, development gaps, urban and rural geography, government roles, borders, and international relations in this comprehensive guide.

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Human Systems

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  1. CHAPTER 6 Human Systems Section 1: Economic Geography Section 2: Urban and Rural Geography Section 3: Political Geography

  2. Section 1Economic Geography Objectives: • What are the three main types of economic systems? • How are developed countries and developing countries different?

  3. Section 1Economic Geography Three types of economic systems: • traditional or subsistence—people make goods for themselves and their families • market—free enterprise, in which people choose what to buy and sell • command—government makes major economic decisions

  4. Section 1Economic Geography Differences in levels of development: • Developed countries • high levels of industrialization • high standards of living, education, and health care • good infrastructure, with global market economies • Developing countries • poorer nations, with lower standards of living, education, and health care • based mainly on farming, with fewer jobs in services or manufacturing • includes most of Africa, Asia, Central and South America, Pacific islands

  5. Section 2Urban and RuralGeography Objectives: • How have people used land throughout human history? • How does urban geography describe human settlements? • What are some of the ways people use land in rural areas?

  6. Section 2Urban and RuralGeography Using the land: • for hunting and gathering • for agriculture • for cities

  7. Section 2Urban and RuralGeography Urban geography Urban geography describes urban settlements in various ways: • location • size and distribution • land use • urban problems

  8. Section 2Urban and RuralGeography Rural land use: • The key economic activity is agriculture. • subsistence • market-oriented • Rural land is also used for forestry, mining, and recreation.

  9. Section 3PoliticalGeography Objectives: • How are government and geography connected? • What are three main types of geographic boundaries? • How do conflict and cooperation affect international relations?

  10. Section 3PoliticalGeography The study of government is an important aspect of geography. This includes: • how governments divide and control Earth’s surface • how governments rule their people • how governments interact • how culture influences government

  11. Section 3PoliticalGeography Types of geographic boundaries: • natural—based on physical features • cultural—based on culture traits • geometric—based on regular, geometric patterns

  12. Section 3PoliticalGeography Role of conflict and cooperation in international relations: • Conflict divides countries, often over issues of nationalism or political and economic differences. • Cooperation helps solve political and economic problems and bring countries together.

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