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Human Systems

Biology Partnership (A Teacher Quality Grant ). Human Systems. Florida Next Generation Sunshine State Standards. SC.912.L.14.26 Identify the major parts of the brain on diagrams or models. (LOW). Bell ringer. Pinky and the Brain!.

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Human Systems

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  1. Biology Partnership (A Teacher Quality Grant) Human Systems

  2. Florida Next Generation Sunshine State Standards • SC.912.L.14.26 Identify the major parts of the brain on diagrams or models. (LOW)

  3. Bell ringer Pinky and the Brain!

  4. Brain stem includes mid brain, pons, and the medulla oblongata

  5. Id parts of the brain Parietal Lobe Frontal Lobe Temporal Lobe Occipital Lobe

  6. The CNS processes information. The brain has three parts. cerebrum controls thought, movement, emotion cerebellum allows for balance midbrain Brainstem pons medulla oblongata • brain stem controls (autonomic) basic life functions

  7. Id parts of the Brain • Handout (copies of label the brain) to label with web quest • Sheep Brain

  8. Follow up • Additional activities • Sheep Brain Dissection • Perception and the Brain- optical illusions

  9. Florida Next Generation Sunshine State Standards • SC.912.L.14.36 Describe the factors affecting blood flow through the cardiovascular system. (MODERATE)

  10. Blood flows through the heart in a specific pathway. 1 3 2 4

  11. The heart pumps blood through two main pathways. Pulmonary circulation occurs between the heart and the lungs. oxygen-poor blood enters lungs excess carbon dioxide and waterexpelled blood picks up oxygen oxygen-rich blood returns to heart

  12. Systemic circulation occurs between the heart and the rest of the body. • oxygen-rich blood goes to organs, extremities • oxygen-poor blood returns to heart • The two pathways help maintain a stable body temperature.

  13. endothelium smooth muscle valve connective tissue ARTERY VEIN CAPILLARIES arteriole venule

  14. Arteries, veins, and capillaries transport blood to all parts of the body. • Arteries carry blood away from the heart. • blood under great pressure • thicker, more muscular walls • Veins carry blood back to the heart • blood under less pressure • thinner walls, larger diameter • valves prevent backflow • Capillaries move blood between veins, arteries, and cells. • One layer, one cell thick

  15. The factors that most directly affect blood flow are blood pressure, blood volume, resistance and activity level.

  16. systolic pressure: left ventricle contracts • diastolic pressure: left ventricle relaxes • Blood pressure is a measure of the force of blood pushing against artery walls. • High blood pressure can precede a heart attack or stroke.

  17. How the heart pumpsWhat makes the blood move through the heart? * cardiac muscle* difference in thickness of wall* valves • Blood flow animation • Besides the composition of the blood vessels, the heart, and blood pressure, what else can affect the heart rate? External factors?

  18. Viscosity refers to the thickness of blood. • This thickness is caused by the number of red blood cells. • Thick blood travels through blood vessels at a slower rate than thin blood.

  19. Lifestyle plays a key role in circulatory diseases. Some choices lead to an increased risk of circulatory diseases. smoking long-term stress excessive weight lack of exercise diet low in fruitsand vegetables,high in saturatedfats

  20. Circulatory diseases affect mainly the heart and the arteries. • artery walls become thick and inflexible • plaque blocks blood flow in arteries

  21. Atherosclerosis • a condition in which an artery wall thickens as a result of the accumulation of fatty materials such as cholesterol. • This is linked to high fat diets and lack of exercise.

  22. Main factors affecting blood flow through the cardiovascular system • Blood Pressure • Blood volume • Resistance • Disease • Atherosclerosis • Exercise and balance diet • Smoking and alcohol

  23. Lab - Effect of exercise on Heart Rate

  24. Follow up • Additional activities • Interactive Tutorial on Internal Heart Anatomy • Heart Dissection on You Tube • How to Measure BP and What It All Means

  25. Florida Next Generation Sunshine State Standards • SC.912.L.14.52 Explain the basic functions of the human immune system, including specific and nonspecific immune response, vaccines, and antibiotics. (MODERATE) • HE.912.C.1.8 Analyze strategies for prevention, detection and treatment of communicable and chronic diseases.

  26. BENCHMARK SC.912.L.14.52 • Reporting Category Organisms, Populations, and Ecosystems • Standard Standard 14Organization and Development of Living Organisms • Benchmark • SC.912.L.14.52 Explain the basic functions of the human immune system, including specific and nonspecific immune response, vaccines, and antibiotics. • SC.912.L.14.6 Explain the significance of genetic factors, environmental factors, and pathogenic agents to health from the perspectives of both individual and public health. • HE.912.C.1.4 Analyze how heredity and family history can impact personal health. • HE.912.C.1.8 Analyze strategies for prevention, detection, and treatment of communicable and chronic diseases.

  27. Immune Bell ringer Osmosis Jones Vaccine Clip • Immune System is a body system that fights infection & prevents illnesses • Immunity: • the ability of the body to defend itself against infectious agents, foreign cells, and abnormal body cells (ex. cancer)

  28. Line of Defense • 1st Line: barriers • Broad, external defense • “Walls and Moats” • skin & mucus membranes • 2nd Line: Nonspecific patrol • Broad, internal defense • “Patrolling soldiers” • phagocytes eating WBC’s • 3rd Line: Immune System • Specific, acquired immunity • Elite trained units • lymphocyte WBCs & antibodies • B & T cells

  29. 1st line: Physical Barriers • Non-specific defense • External barriers • skin –physically blocks pathogens • mucus membranes- traps particles • in nose and throat • excretions • sweat • tears • mucus • stomach acids • saliva (“lick your wounds”) Lining of trachea: ciliated cells & mucus secreting cells

  30. Circulatory system – transports cells of the immune system through out the body

  31. 2nd Line of Defense Non-specific Inflammatory reaction • Four outward signs (redness, heat, swelling, & pain) • Histamine is released which cause capillaries to become enlarged and more permeable • (causes redness, swelling, pain) • Low grade temperature stimulates white blood cells White Blood cells • Non-specific (macrophage) • Phagocytes: cells that engulf and destroy pathogens

  32. 3rd Line of Defense - Specific Defense • Pathogens, cancer cells, or foreign cells have protein markers on surface (antigens) that activate the immune system because foreign to body Types of White Blood Cells • all made in the bone marrow • All called in after the non-specific WBCs • Lymphocytes- Bind pathogens to their antigens receptors and destroy cells • T lymphocyte cells (mature in thymus gland) • directly destroy infected cells • produce cytotoxic T cells, helper T cells, and memory T cells • B lymphocyte cells (mature in bone marrow) • produce antibodies that combine with antigens and target particular pathogens • Produce memory B cells

  33. Antibody- protein that causes pathogens to clump or become ineffective • Interferon- protein that stops viruses from reproducing

  34. After an initial infection with a virus, B cells are able to recognize the virus and produce antibodies against it the second time. • The person’s reaction to the virus will be lessened.

  35. Immunity • Active • Body creates an immune response after being exposed to a pathogen or a vaccine • Memory cells are produced so this immunity lasts (sometimes even a lifetime) • Passive • Antibodies in breast milk or shots of antibodies provide a temporary immune response

  36. Different pathogen cause common infectious diseases

  37. Antibiotics kill pathogens inside the body • antibiotics cause pathogens to burst • target on specific bacterium or fungus • not effective against viruses • antibiotic resistance issues Antibiotics have killed the bottom cell by weakening its cell wall and causing it to burst. (colored TEM; magnification 55,000X

  38. A bacterium carriesgenes for antibioticresistance on a plasmid. A copy of the plasmid is transferredthrough conjugation. Resistance is quicklyspread throughmany bacteria. • Some bacteria in a population have genes that make them immune to antibiotics. • These bacteria spread the gene, making the antibiotics useless. • Antibiotic resistance can cause medicines to become ineffective.

  39. Vaccines artificially produce acquired immunity. • Vaccines also control pathogens and disease. • given to prevent illness • contain the antigen of a weakened pathogen

  40. Antigens in a vaccinetrigger an immune response, and memory B cells are made. 1 memory B cells 2 A memory B cell isstimulated when the real pathogen binds to it. The B cell quickly activates and makes antibodies that fight the pathogens before you get sick. 3 • Vaccination provides acquired immunity. • stimulates a specific immune response • causes memory cells to be produced • allows immune system to respond quickly to infection • has such a fast response, a person will not get sick

  41. Allergies • A strong response to a harmless antigen in the environment • Our body releases histamine which makes vessels leaky • Histamine causes the mucus membranes of the nose and eyes to release fluid as a defense against pathogens • This produces cold-like symptoms • With anaphylatic shock, the capillaries become so permeable that blood pressure drops

  42. Immunity from Disease ActivityWe’ve got a problem! Then…… • HIV lab • Glow germs

  43. Follow up • Problem solving issues in class • Additional activities: • Malaria interactive game • Id agents of disease research activity • Antibodies Virtual Lab /

  44. Human reproductive systemfetal development SC.912.L.16.13 Describe the basic anatomy and physiology of the human reproductive system. Describe the process of human development from fertilization to birth and major changes that occur in each trimester of pregnancy. (MODERATE)

  45. BENCHMARK SC.912.L.16.13 • Reporting Category Organisms, Populations, and Ecosystems • Standard 16Heredity and Reproduction • Benchmark • SC.912.L.16.13 Describe the basic anatomy and physiology of the human reproductive system. Describe the process of human development from fertilization to birth and major changes that occur in each trimester of pregnancy.

  46. Male Reproductive System Scrotum contains: • Testes • producesperm and testosterone • Require a low temperature • Sperm live up to 72 hrs. in a female • Epididymis -folds of tissue (700 ft long) • Lies on top of the testes • Sperm mature here

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