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Human Systems

Human Systems. Economic Geography. Economic Sectors Primary – involve using the ground Secondary – manufacturing & construction Tertiary – provide services rather than goods. Economic Systems. Traditional Herding, hunting & gathering Market

jocelyn-amadeus
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Human Systems

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  1. Human Systems

  2. Economic Geography • Economic Sectors • Primary – involve using the ground • Secondary – manufacturing & construction • Tertiary – provide services rather than goods

  3. Economic Systems • Traditional • Herding, hunting & gathering • Market • Individuals & markets make decisions on production and set prices

  4. Economic Systems • Command • Governments make decisions about products and prices • Mixed • Gov’t ownership in some sectors with private ownership • Heavy regulation

  5. Distribution of Resources • The world has unequal distribution of resources, capital, and infrastructure • Leads to unequal development

  6. Levels of Development • MDCs (Core) • $, high-tech, high standards of living • Emerging • Some $, education systems • LDCs (Periphery) • Low wages

  7. Urban & Rural Geography • Settlement types • Settlement patterns • Land uses • Urban structure

  8. Settlement Types • Trade • River crossings & crossroads • Natural harbors • Heads of deltas • Defense • Hilltops • Mouths of passes • Look at the map on p. 121

  9. Rural Settlement Patterns • Dispersed – no threats, individuals • Homesteads • plantations • Clustered – protection from attack, building communities • Linear • nucleated

  10. Agricultural Land Use • Von Thunen’sModel • Activity is based on distance from town • Valuable crops are closest to the market • Transportation costs & spoilage are main factors

  11. Types of Agriculture • Subsistence agriculture • Shifting cultivation • pastoralism • Commercial agriculture • MDCs • Mechanized • Economy of scale • LDCs • Cash crops plantations

  12. Urban Structure • Urban area develop in predictable ways • Each world region developed its own style • Services, industry, income levels tend to cluster • Growth leads to new models

  13. Political Geography • Types of Boundaries • Natural • Cultural • Geometric

  14. Political geography • Reasons for Conflict • Nationalism • Ethnic conflicts • Control of territory • Economic issues • Tariffs • quotas • Competition for resources • Spratly Islands

  15. Reasons for Cooperation • Political & Military • NATO • OAS • UN • Economic • EU • NAFTA • WTO

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