The Protestant Reformation

1. The Protestant Reformation

2. Causes of the Reformation • 100 Years War and Black Death • Scientific Advances which contradicted the Church • The Corruption within the Catholic Church

3. What was the Protestant Reformation? • Prior to the Reformation all Christians were Roman Catholic • The [REFORM]ation was an attempt to REFORM (change) the Catholic Church • People like Martin Luther wanted to get rid of the corruption and restore the people’s faith in the church b8

4. What was the Protestant Reformation? • In the end the reformers, like Luther, established their own religions • The Reformation caused a split in Christianitywith the formation of these new Protestant religions b9

5. What was the Protestant Reformation? CHRISTIANITY PROTESTANT CATHOLIC B2,3,4,5

6. The Reformers • Martin Luther • John Calvin • Henry VIII

7. Martin Luther • Lived from 1483-1546 in Germany • Father encouraged him to study law • A sudden religious experience inspired him to become a monk

8. Martin Luther • He became troubled over the possibility of not going to heaven • He turned to the Bible, and confession for comfort • In the Bible he found the answer he was looking for

9. ROMANS 1:17 “The righteous shall live by faith.” Luther realized that only faith (in the ultimate goodness of Jesus), not good deeds, could save a person. No good works, rituals, etc. would save a person if they did not believe.

10. Luther's 95 Theses • A list of things he thought were wrong with the Catholic Church (95 Complaints) • He criticized: • The Power of the Pope • The Extreme Wealth of the Church • Indulgences (Catholic concept of Salvation)

11. Luther's 95 Theses • Gutenberg’s Printing Press made it possible for Luther to spread his beliefs • Posted his 95 Theses on Church doors in Germany • Gained support from people and criticism from Church

12. Acceptance of Reforms • Some Local German Churches accepted Luther’s ideas • Supported by German Princes who issued a formal “protest” against the Church for suppressing the reforms • The reformers came to be known as [PROTEST]ants - Protestants

13. CALVINISM • Started in Switzerland – Calvinists • England = Puritans • Scotland = Presbyterians • Holland = Dutch Reform • France = Huguenots • Germany = Reform Church

14. Christianity Protestant Catholic Lutheran Calvinism Presbyterian Puritan Hugeunots

15. John Calvin - Calvinism • French lawyer - moved to religious community in Geneva, Switzerland • “Faith Alone” saves you • The Bible holds the truth • Religious Education • PREDESTINATION - God has already decided who is saved/condemned.

16. Calvinism • Spreads to France, Germany, Netherlands, Scandinavia, Scotland • Dutch Reformed, • Scottish Presbyterians, American Baptists, Puritans, from this branch.

17. Desiderius Erasmus • Born in Rotterdam (1466-1536) • He was a classical scholar. • He made new Latin and Greek editions of the Bible.

18. Desiderius Erasmus • Erasmus wanted the Catholic Church to be reformed, but he did not leave the church. • He believed people should be good in their everyday lives; it was not enough to just participate in religious activities. • Erasmus believed that everyone has FREE WILL and is therefore rewarded or punished based on the choices he makes.

19. William Tyndale • He was an English scholar (1494-1536). • His parents died from the Black Death. • He was sent to religious schools. • Tyndale was influenced by both Erasmus and Luther.

20. William Tyndale • Tyndale made an English translation of the Bible, which was based on the original Hebrew and Greek texts. • His translation was the first English Bible to be mass produced on the printing press. • It was considered a challenge [threat] to the Roman Catholic Church and the laws of England.

21. Henry VIII of England • Wished to divorce Catherine of Aragon and marry Anne Boleyn • Pope refused to grant it • Henry declares himself head of the Church of England in the “Act of Supremacy” 1534 • In America we call this the Anglican Church

22. Act of Supremacy- 1534 • The King is head of the church in England, not the Pope!!

23. The COUNTER-Reformation Or, The Catholic Church Strikes Back!!

24. 1545 Council of Trent • Met over 17 years • Determined what was heresy (against church teachings) • Reaffirmed what was Church teachings • Launched the Inquisition, and the Jesuits

25. IN SHORT,THE REFORMATIONENDED CHURCH UNITY IN WESTERN EUROPE

27. Learning Target Notebook Assignment • Number your learning target notebook to page 7.55. • Copy the learning target (next slide) into the top margin of the page. • Divide the page into four boxes and label each one as shown on the last slide. • Write a paragraph outlining the why each person was upset with the Catholic Church and explain what each person believed (their beliefs/contributions are indicated in parentheses).

28. Learning Target 7.55 I can outline the reasons for growing discontent with the Catholic Church, including the main ideas of…and their attempts to reconcile what they viewed as God’s word with Christian action.

29. Learning Target 7.55 Martin Luther (salvation by faith) John Calvin (predestination) Desiderius Erasmus (free will) William Tyndale (translating Bible into English)

30. Learning Target Notebook Assignment • Number your learning target notebook to page 7.50. • Copy the learning target (next slide) into the top margin of the page. • Divide the front and back of the page in half from side to side. • Label each section as shown on slide 35. • Write a paragraph about each person and the role he/she played during the Reformation.

31. Learning Target 7.50 I can investigate the Tudor dynasties, including Henry VIII, Mary I, and Elizabeth I.

32. Learning Target 7.50 FRONT OF PAGE BACK OF PAGE Henry VIII Elizabeth I Mary I