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The Protestant Reformation

The Protestant Reformation. What is the Protestant Reformation?. 1500-1648 The splintering of Roman Catholicism into other Christian faiths End of religious unity in Western Europe. Factors leading to Protestant Reformation.

phyllis-jefferson
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The Protestant Reformation

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  1. The Protestant Reformation

  2. What is the Protestant Reformation? • 1500-1648 • The splintering of Roman Catholicism into other Christian faiths • End of religious unity in Western Europe

  3. Factors leading to Protestant Reformation 1. By end of Middle Ages, many criticize corruption, wealth and power of Catholic Church • Indulgences, Simony, Personal Faith in God, Anti-Theocractic beliefs 2. Humanist ideas from the Renaissance

  4. Factors leading to Protestant Reformation 3. Political leaders (kings, princes) wanted more power & money (Germany, England) 4. Scholars began to read the Bible; many disagreed with Church practices (printing press)

  5. The Timeline of the Reformation • Early 1500s: Pope Leo X sought to raise money to rebuild St. Peter’s Basilica; sold church positions & indulgences • 1517: German monk Martin Luther nailed 95 Theses on church door in Wittenberg (northern Germany) • Criticized simony, indulgences, other Church practices

  6. The Timeline of the Reformation • 1520 - 21: Pope excommunicated Luther at the Diet of Worms (Germany) • 1520s: Luther declared a heretic and outlaw  German prince hides Luther, while he translates Bible into German  Creates new religion - Lutheranism

  7. Martin Luther’s Message • Opposed selling indulgences b/c no one but God could forgive sins • Salvation by Faith alone  only a strong belief in God can save someone, not their good works • Only need a Bible to have a relationship with God  Pope and priest not important

  8. Why Does the Protestant Reformation Spread? • Printing Press  created by Johannes Gutenberg in 1450  Easier to write and print books  increases literacy • Bible written in German, not Latin • Princes and Kings want more power (Germany and England)

  9. Spread of Reformation to England • 1527: King Henry VIII petitioned Pope for divorce; Pope refused • 1534: Parliament passed the Act of Supremacy • Made king head of the English Church (Church of England) • King closed monasteries & convents, seized Catholic lands

  10. Results of Protestant Reformation • Spread of new religions to England, Switzerland, Germany and the rest of Europe • Greater divide between Protestants and Catholics lead to 150 years of religious warfare • Catholic Counter-Reformation

  11. Catholic Counter Reformation • What is it?  Reaction of the Catholic Church to the Protestant Reformation • “Bonfire of the Vanities” Savonarola • Goal: Try to fix problems within Church to get back followers -> Council of Trent • Reforms: • Inquisition (try to get rid of non-Catholics in certain regions – Spain, France, Italy) • New Religious Orders – Jesuits • Stricter rules for Catholic officials

  12. More Results of the Protestant Reformation • Kings & rulers gained more political power from Germany • Catholic Church lost power, prestige, and wealth • Period of intolerance between Catholics and Protestants • Some create laws for religious tolerance • Edict of Nantes (France) – freedom to choose religion • Greater focus on Education  focus on secular, not religious, ideas  continues Renaissance humanism • Witch hunts throughout Europe

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