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The Mongols: Barbarians or Men of the People and Trade Facilitators?

Learn about the rise of the Mongols, their strategies in warfare, the advantages of using bows and horses, and their impact on trade routes. Discover the other side of the Mongols as patrons of artisans and their contributions to art and culture.

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The Mongols: Barbarians or Men of the People and Trade Facilitators?

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  1. The Mongols Barbarians or Men of the People and Trade Facilitators? Barbara Ozuna and Cheryl Mc Callum Paschal High School, Fort Worth, Texas

  2. The Rise of the Mongols Temujin --> Chenghis Khan [“Universal Ruler”] United the Mongols in 1162, Died in 1227 From the steppes of Asia. Built the World’s Largest land Empire Created his new capital at Karakorum

  3. Mongolian Steppes

  4. Xinjiang Region – Typical Uygher [Mongol] “Yurt”

  5. Wagon-pulled “gers” made Moving Easier

  6. Karakorum

  7. Map of Karakorum

  8. Mongol Invasions

  9. Mongol Warriors

  10. Mongol Archer

  11. Mongol Warfare The Advantages of the Bow and the Horse • Move swiftly • Ride standing up because of stirrups • Could attack with bow and arrow from afar • Faked retreat • Tied sacks to saddles to add numbers

  12. Genghis Khan’s Tax Laws: If you do not pay homage, we will take your prosperity. If you do not have prosperity, we will take your children. If you do not have children, we will take your wife. If you do not have a wife, we will take your head. Used cruelty as a weapon --> some areas never recovered from Mongol destruction! The MONGOLS Build Their Empire

  13. Growth of Mongol Empire

  14. Horses- the key to Mongol Success

  15. Although the Mongols have certainly earned their barbaric reputation, the Mongols also patronized artisans. The Mongols often offered artisans special privileges. For example, after invading Samarkand, Ghengis Kahn ordered all artisans spared Artisans also did not have to pay Corvée taxes The Other Side of the Mongols

  16. Gold Saddle Arch – Mongols, 13c

  17. Gold Saddle, Front View – Mongols, 13c

  18. Silk Screen painting of a Mongol Noble, late 13c

  19. Robe of a Mongol Nobleman, early 14c

  20. Yuan Golden Bowl, 13c

  21. Yuan Porcelains & Ceramics

  22. Trade Routes Under the Mongols

  23. The Pax Mongolica Mongols: Trade Facilitators?

  24. Increase in Trade during Mongol Rule

  25. People traveled as well as goods Marco Polo A Venetian merchantTraveled through YuanChina: 1271-1295 “Black Stones” [coal] Gunpowder Noodles

  26. Marco Polo’s Travels

  27. But so did Disease Bulbous The Black Plague spread from China to Europe in the mid-14c. Septicemia Form:almost 100% mortality rate.

  28. Admiral Zheng He (Cheng Ho) • Ming “Treasure Fleet” • Each ship 400’ long & 160’ wide • China’s “Columbus?”  1371-1435

  29. Admiral Zheng He’s Voyages • First Voyage: 1405-1407 [62 ships; 27,800 men]. • Second Voyage: 1407-1409 [Ho didn’t go on this trip]. • Third Voyage: 1409-1411 [48 ships; 30,000 men]. • Fourth Voyage: 1413-1415 [63 ships; 28,500 men]. • Fifth Voyage: 1417-1419 • Sixth Voyage: 1421-1422 • Emperor Zhu Gaozhi cancelled future trips and ordered ship builders and sailors to stop work. • Seventh Voyage: 1431-1433 • Emperor Zhu Zhanji resumed the voyages in 1430 to restore peaceful relations with Malacca & Siam • 100 ships and 27,500 men; Cheng Ho died on the return trip.

  30. Some Websites to Visit • http://afe.easia.columbia.edu/- Specific unit on the Mongol’s impact on Asia • http://worldhistoryforusall.sdsu.edu/dev/default.htm Big History units. Mongols are discussed in Unit 5. • http://depts.washington.edu/silkroad/ Offers a wealth of information on various aspects of the silkroads.

  31. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JyqSzqbdTv8 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=endscreen&NR=1&v=IwxRF9J4eow • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iMQYh5WRo9k&feature=related • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xbaVEOnBIzQ&feature=related

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