Mexican American War

1. Mexican American War • Information, causes, effects, and more! • By: Arjun B. 1

2. Information • Important people: • - James K. Polk: President (democrat) • - Nicholas Trist: Chief Clerk of State • - James Buchanon: Secretary of State • - Jose Lopez de Santa Anna: Mexican Dictator. • Americans want to spread out and gain more land. The idea of Manifest Destiny is huge. • Mexico, gaining independence in 1821, faces political turmoil. • Mexico is nearly bankrupt. http://www.historyplace.com/specials/calendar/docs-pix/polk.jpg 2

3. America’s Reasons For WarWhy did we want the land? • Sharing our good ways with the world. • Spreading Democracy. • Slavery states/free states. • More land = More opportunities • New resources (different farm-land) and more land to industrialize. • To free parts of Mexico, which we wanted, from dictatorship. • Trade with other countries – more access to the ocean. 3

4. Causes • Texas believes it has gained its independence – Texas Revolution. • Mexico does not recognize Texas’ independence. • Texas applies to join the U.S. twice – finally, it is successful on the third try. • U.S. expresses firm interest in states like California and Texas. • U.S. sends numerous offers to Mexico for land, knowing its need for money – Mexico declines all of them. • John Slidell is sent to Mexico to trade for California. Mexico rejects $40 million. • Congress declares war on May 13, 1846 when Polk learns about the fights on the border. http://wps.ablongman.com/wps/media/objects/31/32716/figures/DIVI239.jpg

5. Effects • Ends February 2, 1848 with the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, proposed by Trist. • America gains almost half of Mexico’s land – Mexican Cession, Gadsen Purchase. • Fights over slavery status occur – Compromise of 1850. • Builds up tension in America and opens the gate for the Civil War. http://www.umich.edu/~ac213/student_projects06/magsylje/Treaty_of_Guadalupe_Hidalgo.png 5

6. The Mexican Cession • By Anjana V 6

7. The Treaty • Where was it signed • When was it signed • Who signed it • What it said. Anjana V. 7

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9. Impact of the Mexican Cession • Added a lot of land to America. • Zimmermann Telegram 9 Anjana V.

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12. - Deal made in 1853. • - James Gadsden and Santa Anna. • - Purchased for $10,000,000 Neha G.

13. - 130 miles west in Rio Grande, 40 miles north in El Paso. • US flag raised in Mesilla Plaza. • Became a place of economic growth. • - Bought for railroads in the South. • - Completed gap for the railroads in the South, still helps us today. • - Neha G.

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16. Russia had owned it previously and was willing to sell it. • The Secretary of State, William Seward, purchases it in 1867. • Alaska becomes a state in 1959. Sharal S.

17. Bought for $7.2 million, or 2 cents per acre. • Was fought over for many years, and won by a margin of one vote. • Seward thought it would be a economic liability and have trade opportunities. Sharal S.

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19. The people did not see the resources that Alaska had. • Most thought Alaska as being a cold and barren land. • However, when gold and oil was found, people had different opinions about Alaska. Sharal S.

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22. Acquired by secretary of state William Henry Seward in 1867 • Abraham Lincoln/Andrew Jackson's Secretary of State • The navy invaded it at this point in time • Suggested establishing it as a naval base • Government ignored suggestions, realizing its significance nearly a century later • Chris R

23. Midway Islands cont. • The government and American people thought he was bizarre for wanting to buy these • During World War II, the Midway Islands became of major importance • The Battle of Midway became a major turning point in World War II, pushing the Japanese back. • Chris R

24. The Islands were literally a “Midway” between Japan and America; it was around 1,000 miles east of Japan and 1,000 miles west of Hawaii • The Americans won the battle, pushing the Japanese back to a state of defense • Seward, after nearly a hundred years, was right in his beliefs of acquiring the Midway Islands as a naval base • Chris R

25. “Simultaneously with the establishment of the Constitution, Virginia ceded to the United States her domain, which then extended to the Mississippi, and was even claimed to extend to the Pacific Ocean.” • ~ William H Seward • Chris R

26. Works Cited • 1850, By. "Gadsden Purchase: Definition from Answers.com." Answers.com: Wiki Q&A Combined with Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus, and Encyclopedias. Web. 20 Oct. 2010. <http://www.answers.com/topic/gadsden-purchase>. • Alexander, Mary, and Marilyn Childress. "The Zimmerman Telegram." The National Archives. The National Archives, 04 Apr 1981. Web. 24 Oct 2010. • Axelrod, Alan. "Battle of Midway." Encyclopedia of World War II, Volume II. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2007. Modern World History Online. Facts On File, Inc. Web. 25.Oct.2010 • Caricature of Andrew Johnson and William Seward." Image. Library of Congress. American History. ABC-CLIO, 2010. Web. 21 Oct. 2010. <http://americanhistory.abc-clio.com/> • Crawford, Mark. "Mexican-American War." United States Geography. ABC-CLIO, 2010. Web. 23 Oct. 2010. http://usgeography.abc-clio.com • "Gadsden Purchase." Mesilla, New Mexico, USA. Web. 20 Oct. 2010. <http://www.oldmesilla.org/html/gadsden_purchase.html>. • " Google Image Result for http://upload.wikimedia.org/ wikipedia/commons/8/85/Alaska_purchase.jpg." Google. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Oct. 2010. <http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/85/Alaska_purchase.jpg&imgrefurl=http:// • "Guadalupe Hidalgo Treaty (1848)." American History. ABC-CLIO, 2010. Web. 21 Oct. 2010. http://americanhistory.abc-clio.com/ • Hastedt, Glenn. "U.S.-Mexican War." Encyclopedia of American Foreign Policy. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2004. American History Online. Facts On File, Inc. http://www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp?ItemID=WE52&iPin=EAFP267&SingleRecord=True • Hawley, Charles. "Manifest Destiny." In Rohrbough, Malcolm J., and Gary B. Nash, eds. Encyclopedia of American History: Expansion and Reform, 1813 to 1855, vol. 4. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2003. American History Online. Facts On File, Inc. http://www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp?ItemID=WE52&iPin=EAHIV149&SingleRecord=True • http://americanhistory.abcclio.com/Search/Display/247843?terms=william+H+Seward • "Pacific War Maps | Nihon Kaigun." Nihon Kaigun. Combined Fleet. Web. 26 Oct. 2010. • "The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo." Hispanic Reading Room. The Library of Congress, 02 Aug 2010. Web. 24 Oct 2010. <http://www.loc.gov/rr/hispanic/ghtreaty/>. • "U.S. Annexation of Mexican Land." American History Online. Facts On File, Inc. http://www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp?ItemID=WE52&iPin=AMHC0106&SingleRecord=True (accessed October 21, 2010). • Van Deusen, Glyndon G. "The Life and Career of William Henry Seward 1801-1872." River Campus Libraries. University of Rochester. Web. 25 Oct. 2010.