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“Lighting the Way to Technology through Innovation”

“Lighting the Way to Technology through Innovation”. The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics University at Buffalo Emerging Opportunities In New Directions of Photonics: Nanophotonics and Biophotonics P.N.Prasad. www.biophotonics.buffalo.edu. NANOPHOTONICS.

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“Lighting the Way to Technology through Innovation”

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  1. “Lighting the Way to Technology through Innovation” The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics University at Buffalo Emerging Opportunities In New Directions of Photonics: Nanophotonics and Biophotonics P.N.Prasad www.biophotonics.buffalo.edu

  2. NANOPHOTONICS • Nanoscale Optical Interaction and Dynamics: • Nonradiative Processes for Photonic Functions/Dynamics <10 nm • Optically Induced Photonics Functions/Dynamics sub wavelengths • Manifestations: • Size Dependent Optical Transitions • Novel Optical Resonances • Nano-control of Excitations Dynamics • Manipulation of Light Propagation • Nanoscopic Field Enhancement

  3. Nanocomposites for Broad Band and • Efficient Photovoltaic, Solar Cells • Hole transporting polymer + Inorganic semiconductor • quantum dots • Features: • In corporation of quantum dots to produce a direct junction between the polymer and the quantum dots. • Efficient photosensitization over a broad wavelength covering from UV to IR by choice of the size and type of inorganic semiconductor nanocrystals ... efficient solar harvesting. • Enhanced carrier mobility for improved collection efficiency.

  4. InP, and InP/II-VI-Core-Shell Nanocrystals II-VI InP II-VI InP Core/Shell nanocrystal II-VI Etched InP InP/CdS InP/CdSe InP/ZnS Etched InP nanocrystals and Core-Shell nanocrystals (302nm excitation) Quantum Engineering of InP/II-VI Core-shell nanocrystals Core/Buffer/Shell nanocrystal (also magnetic nanocrystals)

  5. Size Tuning of Photosensitization in IR using PbSe Quantum Dots (Dispersion in tetrachloroethylene) Photogeneration Quantum Efficiency of PbSe Quantum Dots:PVK nanocomposites at 1.55µm

  6. Photogeneration of charge carriers +++ +++ +++ - - - - - - - - - z Transport of holes under the influence of external electric field +++ +++ +++ - - - - - - E - - - z F - - - - - - Trapping of Space charge +++ +++ z p/2 LG Electro-optic Index modulation z Multifunctionality in Photorefractivity: Photoconductivity + Electro-Optic Effect

  7. ~ 200 nm Liquid Crystal Nanodroplets ~ 10 nm Quantum Dots ne np no Photorefractive nanocomposite containing polymer-dispersed Liquid Crystal and Quantum Dots PMMA:ECZ: LiquidCrystal:CdS

  8. Photorefractive inorganic-organic polymer-dispersed liquid crystal nano-composite photosensitized with cadmium sulfide quantum dots PMMA:TL202:ECZ:CdS 42:40:16:2 wt.%. Q-CdS diam. < 1.4 nm l = 514.5 nm Winiarz and Prasad J., Opt. Lett. (in press)

  9. Photorefractivity for Correction of Beam Distortion Demonstration of the ability of the PMMA:ECZ:TL202:Q-CdS composite to correct a severely aberrated image under static conditions.

  10. Photonic crystals – A novel periodic photonic structure Simple band picture for a photonic crystal 3D colloidal crystal Transmission and reflection spectra

  11. Novel Manifestations in Photonic Crystals • Field enhancement • Low threshold lasing • Enhanced nonlinear optical effects Complex band structure • Superprism effect • Negative refraction • Large angle deflection • Ultradiffraction • Anomalous refractive index dispersion • Control of light propogation • Phase-matching for harmonic generation • Self-collimation

  12. Third-Harmonic Generation in Photonic Crystals 40 nm off

  13. Third-Harmonic Generation in Photonic Crystals Third-harmonic generation in two polystyrene PCs (d=200 & 230 nm). The intensity of THG from the 1-D photonic crystal as a function of the pump wavelength. P. Markowicz at. al., Phys. Rev. Lett. - in press.

  14. Holographic Illumination Intensity interference pattern Sub-micron periods Functional nanoparticles (50-800 nm) in reactive mixture Spatially defined chemical reactivity Light Driven Nanoparticle Alignment Use of holographic (laser) photopolymerization to induce movement and sequester nanoparticles into defined 3-dimensional patterns 150 nm Advantages:Large Scale Area, Various Geometries, Simple, and One Step Processing

  15. Electrically Switchable Photonic Crystal Holographic polymer-dispersed liquid crystal grating. The intensity of THG from the 1-D photonic crystal as a function of the applied voltage. The transmission spectrum of the crystal & the third-harmonic signal. In collaboration with AFRL, Dayton

  16. Two-photon Lithography using femtosecond pulses

  17. Photonic Crystal Defect Engineering: Optical Circuitry Two-photon fluorescence P. Crystal Objective Grating One-photon fluorescence Infiltration with Resin & 2-photon Lithography P. Crystal & Linear Defects 1x2 Beam Splitter (5microns below surface)

  18. Laser Tweezers for micro- and nano- manipulation and surface adhesion Letters composed in Liquid Crystal Multiple trapping in water by one beam Measurement of colloidal forces and defect line tension and in liquid crystal In collaboration with Smalyukh and Lavrentovich, ILC, Kent State University

  19. Introduction to Biophotonics Paras N. Prasad (John Wiley & Sons, 2003) SUMMARY OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction 2. Fundamentals of Light and Matter 3. Basics of Biology 4. Fundamentals of Light-Matter Interactions 5. Principles of Lasers, Current Laser Technology, and Nonlinear Optics 6. Photobiology 7. Bioimaging: Principles and Techniques 8. Bioimaging: Applications 9. Biosensors 10. Microarray Technology for Genomics and Proteomics 11. Flow Cytometry 12. Light-Activated Therapy: Photodynamic Therapy 13. Tissue Engineering with Light 14. Laser Tweezers and Laser Scissors 15. Nanotechnology for Biophotonics: Bionanophotonics 16. Biomaterials for Photonics

  20. Drug tracking using TPLSM Doxorubicin : Chemotherapy drug LHRH Peptide : Targeting agent. C625 : Two-photon Chromophore

  21. l = 800nm • Avg. Power < 15mW • =~ 90 fs f =82 MHz TPLSM images of MCF-7 cells showing the intake of drug into cell over a time period of 50 minutes.

  22. Cytoplasm Nucleus Membrane Confocal images of MCF 7 cells. The arrows indicate The location where the spectra were taken.

  23. AC LHTPR Spectra profiles of AC&LHTPR treated MCF-7 cell (inside the Nucleus, Cytoplasm and on the Membrane) Localized spectroscopy was used to identify the localization of a chemotherapeutic drug and and one of its component, the carrier protein, inside human cancer cells. The ratio between the two emission at ~490nm (From AN152:C625) and the Emission at ~590 (From LHRH:TPR) was studied in different cell lines as well as in different parts of a cell to understand the roll of LHRH in carrying the drug into the cells. Excitation Source: Ti:Sapphire laser tuned to a center wavelength of 800nm.

  24. Nucleus Nuclear Membrane Plasma Membrane t (s) 53.78 76.52 37.63 ½ 95% Confidence 50.82 to 71.70 to 82.03 35.55 to 39.97 57.10 FRAP : A technique to monitor protien Dynamics in Cells FGFR1-eGFP Pre - Bleach Post - Bleach Recovery 40 Nucleus NM 30 PM 20 Fluorescence Recovery (%) 10 0 0 100 200 300 400 Time (s)

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