JSIS Report to WECC PCC and OC

1. JSIS Report to WECC PCC and OC March 26, 2012 Dmitry Kosterev, BPA

2. WECC JSIS Meeting • Held in Tempe, AZ on January 15-17 • Hosted by Salt River Project • Next meeting is in Salt Lake City in early June

3. NERC • NERC Planning Committee approved scope of Synchronized Measurement Subcommittee (SMS) • NERC is pulling out North-American Synchrophasor Initiative (NASPI) by end of 2013 • NASPI may continue under ERPI, DOE, no commitment yet • NERC restarted work on PRC-002-2 Standard, including placement of Dynamic Data Recorders • NERC MOD-B initiative to replace MOD-010-015 to address FERC directives

4. JSIS Key Activities – 1/3 • Validation studies of July 4 2012 event • Studies completed, report is up for approval • Revise thermal governor recommendation • Monitor frequency response • Frequency response tool • System frequency baseline is complete • Power pick-up baseline is under development • Power Plant Model Validation • Model Validation application is developed • JSIS is preparing test cases for model calibration • Voltage stability applications • Test cases are developed

5. JSIS Key Activities – 2/3 • Oscillation Analysis Applications • JSIS developed test cases for vendors and application developers • Vendors demonstrated their applications • JSIS is working on operationalizing the leading applications • Operating Procedures to address low-damping conditions • Studies are completed, reviewed by affected parties • What is the approval process for SP-based operating procedures ? • A paper on modes of inter-area oscillations (PCC assignment) • Power System Stabilizer tuning study

6. JSIS Key Activities – 3/3 • JSIS complied utility updates on synchro-phasor investment projects • PMU Placement • Draft WECC Guidelines are developed • “Synchronization” with NERC PRC-002-2 standard • Data validation, bad data detection, signal conditioning and data mining • DOE awarded contracts to EPG and Virginia Tech • WECC JSIS has a budget item to deploy the data validation and bad data detection applications

7. FIDVR Awareness Voltage Frequency

8. PDCI Probing Tests • Probing test plan is under way: • Every other Wednesday starting March 20 • Three full test, including Chief Joseph brake

9. Details

10. 4 – July 4 2012 Arizona Generation Outage • Almost 1,700 MW of generation lost in Arizona: • 333 MW at Arlington Valley, followed 4 seconds later • 1,361 MW at Palo Verde • WECC 2012 Light Summer Planning Case is used a starting point • WECC RC provided WSM base case • WSM has “net” instead of “gross” generation, WSM does not model station service loads in vast majority of cases • Load was scaled regionally to match flows

11. 4 – Dynamic Data Issues • Helms units were operated as pumps and showed growing oscillations. The sign of PSS gain needs to be negative for units be stable in pumping operations • High Desert units (busses 29000 – 29003) do not have exciter models, units are unstable and go out-of-step during certain simulations. A typical excitation model is added. • "xcomp" for 45448 "KFALLCT1" 18.00 “1” is changed to 0.0 from 0.150, otherwise unstable. Confirmed with the test report. • Rock Island units changed the sign for "xcomp", otherwise unstable

12. BEFORE

13. AFTER

14. 4 – Recommendations • We recommend revising 2002 WECC thermal governor modeling recommendation to model frequency response correctly under light load conditions: • WECC populate generator types in the PSLF tables • MVWG to develop a recommendation for modifying plant baseload flag based on generator type, operating practices and unit loading • MVWG to work with power plant operators on updating load controller and baseload flag data • MVWG and JSIS to complete model validation study for July 4, 2012 event as the recommendation is developed and data is updated • We recommend improve further improvement of power system dynamic performance monitoring : • Placing time synchronized dynamic data recorders (like Phasor Measurement Units) at point of interconnection of power plants in Western Interconnection to provide transmission operators visibility of generator frequency response. • Placing time synchronized dynamic data recorders (like Phasor Measurement Units) at major transmission paths and load centers for system model validation and dynamic performance analysis • JSIS and MVWG to develop applications for generator frequency response tracking using PMU and SCADA data • NERC MOD-B • NERC BAL-003

15. 5 – Frequency Response Application • WECC through DOE CERTS hired PNNL to develop a frequency response • Calculates frequency response metrics • Maintains a database of system frequency performance

16. 6 – Power Plant Model Validation Application Consultant A Consultant B

17. Using PMU Data for Model Validation • BPA has installed PMUs at power plant POIs • BPA developed Power Plant Model Validation (PPMV) application using PMU data BPA Substation • Record: • POI bus voltage • POI bus frequency • Power plant MWs and MVARs Point of Interconnection V I Power Plant ~

18. Consultant A Consultant B Reality

19. BPA Model Validation State Good Acceptable Needs Review Needs Major Revisions

20. BPA Experience with Disturbance-Based Model Validation • Most common model issues: • Power System Stabilizer models • Turbine control mode of operation / governor models • Generator inertia • Deficiencies in model structure • Other reasons for model mismatch • Automatic Generation Controls • UEL • “Clinical” experience: • Plants with modern digital systems have good models that stay accurate over time • Plants with legacy analog controls have most errors and tend to change in time

21. Performance Monitoring and Detecting Generator Control Failures • Once a good baseline is developed, PMU is used for “clinical” assessment of power plant performance • Controller status at the generator was indicating normal state • PMU disturbance data indicated actual response very different from what was expected • Power plant was contacted, controls inspected, found internal failure Blue line = actual response Red line = expected response

22. Performance MonitoringEvent 1 ✔ PSS ON PSS OFF Actual PMU recording, Simulation with PSS ON, Simulation with PSS OFF

23. Performance MonitoringEvent 3 ✔ PSS ON PSS OFF

24. Performance MonitoringEvent 4 PSS ON ✔ PSS OFF PSS failed sometime between event 3 and event 4

25. Performance MonitoringEvent 7 PSS ON ✔ PSS OFF

26. 8. Ringdown Analysis Applications Goal: calculate oscillation frequency, damping and mode shape of an oscillation ringdown, either actual event or simulation Users: transmission planning and operating study engineers, operational support engineers

27. 8. Ringdown Analysis Applications • BPA prepared test cases – actual event and simulations of the same event • University of Wisconsin • Best numeric performance, including “difficult” cases • Montana Tech University • Batch processing of multiple cases, repeatable script, consistency check • Washington State University • Sliding window, looks for consistency among three methods • EPG • PNNL

28. 13. Oscillation Detection • Goal: detect sustained oscillations in ambient data • Users: dispatchers and operational support engineers • BPA prepared a test case: • 2 ½ hour record combining several 20 to 30 minute data intervals from several PMUs • Data included sustained oscillations, mode changes, forced oscillations, system events and bad data • Ning Zhu (PNNL) developed the most

29. 12. Phase Angle Alarming • Maybe an indicator of “global” stress • Single angle is not sufficient to determine secure / insecure regions • PNNL Method on Multi-Dimensional Nomogram • EPG used historic angle to determine phase angle norms • V&R Energy project on Potential Cascading Modes ? • Perspectives provided by • DamirNovosel, President of Quanta Technologies • Jame Thorp, a co-inventor of PMUs • Phase angle rotation • Phase angle reference – Southern California (Mira Loma, Lugo, Serrano)

30. 11. Voltage Stability Applications • V&R Energy ROSE presentation (WECC) • Quanta Technology Voltage Instability Predictor (BPA TI) • Singular Value Decomposition – Chris DeMarco • EPG – voltage contours, dP/dVsesintivities • Alstom Grid • RPI Voltage stability project funded by DOE CERTS – could not attend the meeting • WSU – did not present • PNNL – did not present • WECC JSIS will develop “test” cases, demonstrations at September 2013 meeting

31. 9. Utility Updates • WECC JSIS performed survey of the synchro-phasor projects: • Planning – number of PMUs, PMU placement, etc • Field infrastructure – PMUs, redundancy/diversity • Telecom • Control center infrastructure – PDCs, redundancy, historian • Engineering Applications • Control Center Applications • Wide-Area Control Applications • Data Exchange

32. 20. Synchro-phasor Data Validation • DOE had RFP and awarded two contracts for data validation and signal conditioning: • Electric Power Group • Virginia Tech for Linear State Estimator • Both made presentations outlining their technical approach • WECC will follow up with its own RFP for signal conditioning and measurement error estimation using linear state estimator