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Swine Unit

Swine Unit. Eight Major Traditional Breeds. Berkshire Chester White Duroc Hampshire Landrace Poland China Spotted Yorkshire. Berkshire. Breed developed in Berkshire, England Imported to U.S. in 1820’s Characteristics – Black body with 6 white points (4 feet, nose, and tail)

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Swine Unit

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  1. Swine Unit

  2. Eight Major Traditional Breeds • Berkshire • Chester White • Duroc • Hampshire • Landrace • Poland China • Spotted • Yorkshire

  3. Berkshire • Breed developed in Berkshire, England • Imported to U.S. in 1820’s • Characteristics – Black body with 6 white points (4 feet, nose, and tail) • Maternal and Paternal Breed

  4. Chester White • Developed in Chester County, Pennsylvania in the early 1800’s • White bodies with small droopy ears • Maternal

  5. Duroc • Developed in New York, New York in 1860’s • Red to dark-red in color • Paternal breed

  6. Hampshire • Developed in Boone County, Kentucky in 1890’s • Black with a white belt circling the shoulders and front legs • Maternal breed

  7. Landrace • Imported to U.S. from Denmark in 1930’s • Whitish pink with extremely long-bodied and large drooping ears • Maternal breed

  8. Poland Chinas (Polands) • Developed in Southwest Ohio in 1800’s • Black bodies with white points with droopy ears • Paternal breed

  9. Spotted Swine (Spots) • Developed in the state of Indiana in early 1900’s • Spotted black and white with drooping ears • Paternal breed

  10. Yorkshire (Yorks) • Developed in Yorkshire, England in early 1800’s • White with upright ears • Maternal breed

  11. Other Known Breeds • Tamworth- red with upright ears • Herefords- red with white face, legs, and underline • Pietrain- black with white spots

  12. Baby Pig Processing Baby Pig Processing = Newly-born piglets require some special management procedures the first few days of life. • Cut umbilical cord, iodine remaining cord • Cut needle teeth • Dock tails • Notch ears • Vaccine shot of antibiotic • Castrate males

  13. Swine Facts • Gestation- length of pregnancy • Swine gestate for 3 months, 3 weeks, 3 days or 114 days • Ideal Litter Size = 9 piglets per litter • Ideal Birth weight = 3 lbs. • Piglets should be weaned at 6 weeks • Ideal Market Weight = 250 lbs. at 20 weeks • Top Swine States = Iowa, North Carolina, Illinois, Indiana • Swine generate over 10 billion dollars in gross receipts each year to the United States • Weight of adult brood boar – 500 to 700 • Weight of adult brood sows – 300 to 500

  14. Maternal/Paternal Breeds Maternal: Good mothers/fathers Large litters Produce lots of milk for young Paternal: Excel in growth Muscling Leanness

  15. Swine Names • Adult Male - Boar • Adult Female - Sow • Young - Piglet • Castrated - Barrow  • Young Male – Boar Piglet • Young Female - Gilt

  16. Scientific Names • Scientific name= Used in scientific writings to reduce confusion of multiple common names, the scientific name (or Latin name) of an animal is two words long; consisting of the genus and species names. The entire name is written in italics (or underlined if italics are not available), with the genus capitalized. • Example: Humans = Homo sapiens

  17. Homer sapiens

  18. Scientific Classification • Kingdom – Aminalia (animal) • Phylum – Chorodata (vertebrate) • Class – Mammalia (mammal) • Order –Artiodyctal (non-ruminant) • Family –Suidae • Genus – Sus • Species – scofa • Genus species name for swine is “Sus scofa”

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