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Plantae

Plantae. By Kevin Yudkin (your herbalist for this morning). A plant is…. Multicellular Eukaryotic Autotroph Sessile . Plants evolved from green algae (Protista). Contain chlorophyll a+b Fossil evidence (440 000 000 years ago) . Adaptations which allowed plants to grow on land:.

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Plantae

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  1. Plantae By Kevin Yudkin (your herbalist for this morning)

  2. A plant is… • Multicellular • Eukaryotic • Autotroph • Sessile

  3. Plants evolved from green algae (Protista) • Contain chlorophyll a+b • Fossil evidence (440 000 000 years ago)

  4. Adaptations which allowed plants to grow on land: • Cuticle – waxy covering to prevent water loss • Modified leaves (Shapes & Stomata) • Roots – take in water and anchor the plant • Stem – support for growth and food storage • Vascular development – transport food and water • Seed development – protects gametes • Alteration of generations (Sporophyte & Gametophyte)

  5. Phylogeny of plants • Non-Seed Plants – require moist environment for reproduction (spores) • Liverworts • Hornworts • Mosses • Whisk ferns • Club mosses • Horsetails • Ferns Hornwort

  6. Phylogeny of plants (cont.) Liverwort Moss Whisk fern Fern

  7. Phylogeny of plants (cont.) Club Moss

  8. Phylogeny of plants (cont.) Horse Tail

  9. Seedless & Non-vascular • Bryophytes (Liverworts, hornworts, & mosses) • Do not have TRUE leaves, stem, or roots

  10. Seedless & Vascular • Psilophyta (Whisk ferns) • Lycophyta (Club mosses) • Arthrophyta (Horsetails) • Pterophyta (Ferns)

  11. can survive in dry environments Divided into Gymnosperms {Naked seeds} Angiosperms Cycadophyta (Cycads – produce male & female cones) Ginkgophyta (Ginkgo – seeds on female trees smell really bad) Coniferophyta (Conifers) Anthophyta (Flowering / fruit plants (250 000 species) Seed Plants

  12. Picture of Seed Plants CYCAD GINKO CYCAD cones

  13. Picture of seed plants Confiners

  14. Prevention of water loss • Cuticle • Stomata

  15. Photosynthesis

  16. Chloroplasts • organelle of photosynthesis • Grana - an inner membrane system arranged in neat stacks • Stroma - The matrix of the chloroplast connecting grana

  17. Reaction sites • Light reactions in the grana • Calvin Cycle in the stroma

  18. In the Grana (Light Reaction) • Water (H2O) splits into oxygen (O2) and hydrogen (H2) due to sunlight • Oxygen released as a waste product • ADP changed to ATP

  19. In the Stroma (Dark Reaction) • Hydrogen (H2) bonds to carbon dioxide (CO2) forming glucose (C6H12O6)

  20. Water and Food Transport • Xylem – moves water • Phloem – moves food

  21. Plant life cycle

  22. Plant reproduction

  23. Flower Structures • Sepals • Outermost structures of the flower • Typically green, may be colored or in some cases may be absent • Make up calyx • Petals • Internal to the sepals • May be white or colored • Make up the corolla

  24. Flower Structure Cont. • Stamens • Internal to the petals • Consists of a filament and anther which contains the pollen grains • Pollen grains produce the male gametes • Pistil • Found in the center of the flower • Consists of three parts; the ovary, style, & stigma • Ovary contains "seedlike" structures called ovules • Ovules contain the female gametes

  25. The Root Anchor the plant Absorb & transport nutrients & water Store food The Stem Produce & support new leaves, branches, and flowers Place them in positions where they can function most efficiently Transport materials to and from the roots Store food Carry on photosynthesis Reproduce new plants The Leaf Intercept light with greater surface area Exchange gases Provide a site for photosynthesis Store food & water Provide support Form new plants Release heat through stomata The Flower Sexual reproduction unit Produces and houses gametes (sex cells) Attract pollinators Plants utilize many agents for transporting pollen from one flower to another Wind, Water, Insects, Birds, Bats Plant Structures

  26. Plant structure • The Fruit • Upon fertilization, the ovary begins developing into a fruit and the ovules into seeds. The function of the fruit is to aid in the dispersal of the seeds. • The Seed • Serves as the unit of dispersal for the new plant • Provides protection from injury and drying • Provides some nourishment for the young plant until it can make its own food

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