Plantae

1. Plantae

2. Plantae General characteristics • multicellular eukaryotes • cell walls made of cellulose • carry out photosynthesis

3. Plantae Life cycle • alternation of generations • gamete-producing plant, also known as gametophyte, is haploid. • spore-producing plant, also known as sporophyte, is diploid.

4. Plantae What plants need to survive • sunlight • water and minerals • gas exchange • movement of water and nutrients throughout the plant • photosynthesis

5. Plantae photosynthesis • formula • 6CO2 + 6H2O  C6H12O6 + 6 O2 • 2 main reactions 1. light reaction- These reactions split water molecules, providing hydrogen and an energy source for the Calvin cycle. Oxygen is given off. 2. Calvin cycle- the series of reactions that form simple sugars (glucose) using carbon dioxide and hydrogen from water.

6. Plantae General characteristics • the first plants that evolved from an organism similar to green algae algae multicellular algae moss

7. Plantae Four types of Plants • Bryophytes • Mosses and their relatives • Pterophytes • Ferns and their relatives • Anrthophytes • flowering plants • Coniferophytes • cone-bearing plants

8. Plantae Bryophytes • the non-vascular plants • need water for reproduction; can draw up water only a few centimeters from the ground

9. Plantae Bryophytes groups • Mosses • wet/moist habitats and poor soils • no true roots - rhiziods instead • sperm are produced in antheridia and eggs in the archaegonia. • Liverworts • reproduce asexually by means of gemmae. • Hornworts

10. Plantae Bryophytes • Mosses

11. Plantae Bryophytes • Liverwort Hornworts

12. Plantae Seedless Vascular Plants • contain vascular tissue, a type of tissue that conducts water and nutrients through the body of the plant. • xylem is the vascular tissue that carries water upward from the roots to every part of the plant. • phloem transports nutrients and carbs (food) produced by photosynthesis

13. Plantae Seedless Vascular Plants structure • roots • underground organs that absorb water and minerals • leaves • photosynthetic organs • veins • vascular tissue made of xylem and phloem • stems • supporting structures that connect roots & leaves, carrying water and nutrients

14. Plantae Seedless Vascular Plants types • Club Mosses: small plants in moist woodlands • Horsetail: also known as Scouring rush. • stems contain crystals of abrasive silica. • Ferns • have underground stems • diploid sporophyte - stage is dominant. This stage produces haploid spores.

15. Plantae Seedless Vascular Plants types • Club Mosses Horsetail

16. Plantae Seedless Vascular Plants types • Ferns

17. Plantae Seed plants • contain vascular tissue • the two types include: gymnosperms bear their seeds on the surface of cones and angiosperms, also known as flowering plants, bear their seeds within a layer of protective tissue • do not require water for fertilization • adaptations that allow seed plants to reproduce without water include flowers or cones -, the transfer of sperm by pollenation, and the protection of embryos.

18. Plantae Seed plants • adaptations that allow seed plants to reproduce without water include flowers or cones -, the transfer of sperm by pollenation, and the protection of embryos.

19. Plantae Seed plants • Gymnosperms means “naked seed” • gnetophytes, cycads, ginkoes, and conifers • conifers are mostly known as “evergreens”. gnetophytes cycads

20. Plantae Seed plants • Gymnosperms Ginkoes conifers

21. Plantae Seed plants • Angiosperms- the flowering plants

22. Plantae Seed plants • Angiosperms • monocots • dicots