The Church in Medieval Life

1. The Church in Medieval Life 7th Grade SS MMS Mr. Roe

2. Review • Previously, you learned about the rise of feudalism in Western Europe

3. BIG IDEAS • The Catholic Church played an important role in Medieval Europe and used its power to uphold its teachings

4. Warm-Up Prompt: Have you ever noticed how many things in society have been influenced by religion? In a paragraph or less, please give some examples of religions influence on society. Response: From what I have noticed, religion influences our society today (by/through/in that it)__________. I believe that _______________ is connected to medieval times because ____________. I am still curious (as to/to know)_____________.

5. Lesson Objectives • Organization of the church • How different people felt about the church • Church procedures, rules • How the Jews were treated in the Middle Ages • How the church influences us today

6. Academic Vocabulary *Monks *Monasteries *Persecution *Excommunication *Clergy *Sacraments *Pilgrimage *Relics *Convent *Nuns *Theology *Rhetoric *Natural Law • Mass • Heresy • Anti-Semitism • Theology • Scholasticism • Vernacular *Monasticism *Manuscripts *Friars *Religious Order

7. Cornell Notes Cornell Notes Handout

8. Church Hierarchy (Organization) Members of Clergy (people who performed sacred functions of church) had different ranks Pope—Cardinals—Archbishops—Bishops---Priests

9. Group Activity (South American Partners) • Views on Church Handout

10. Church Procedures*The ultimate goal of all Christians was to achieve salvation Seven Sacraments

11. Pilgrimage and Crusades Religious faith led members of society to want to do extraordinary things to gain favor with God 1. Pilgrimage -Hoped to show devotion to God -Geoffrey Chaucer wrote Canterbury Tales -Make up for their sins *Stories of pilgrims -Hoped to be cured of an illness 2. Crusades -Fighting for the church -Military expeditions to the Holy Lands (Jerusalem and surrounding area) Both pilgrimages and the crusades helped to strengthen the power and influence of the church!

13. Church Life Some members of society decided to devote their entire life to God and the church (Monasticism) • Monks • -Men who lived in communities called monasteries • -Devoted to hard work, study, and prayer • -Saint Benedict considered to develop monasticism • *Followers became known as Benedictines • -Well known for their Illuminated Manuscripts • *Nuns • -Women who lived in convents, or nunneries • -Did not marry • * Both monks and nuns were members of religious orders

14. Religious Orders • Mendicants (“beggars”) • -Friars • -Differed from monks in that they traveled instead • -Served poor and gave up the idea of money • -Lived in poverty, worked or begged for food • - Spread Christianity wherever they went • 2. Franciscans • -Friars of the Franciscan order • -Founded by Francis of Assisi • -Believed that all livings things should be respected

15. Influences on Today • Holidays • Education • Art and Architecture • Literature • Keepers of Knowledge • Spread of Christianity

16. Art and Architecture *Art was made for religious purposes *Art helped to tell the story of the church Why? -Most people couldn’t read or write *Usually expressed inside of cathedrals -Cathedrals headed by bishops -Often the tallest buildings in a town -Most built in the shape of a cross -Took between 50 to 100 years to build (some 200!) 1. Gothic Cathedrals -Tall walls, high windows with stained-glass art -told stories from the bible -Had gargoyles perched to remind people that evil is all around -Encouraged people to listen to the church (influence)

17. Education Schooling took place in monasteries, convents, and cathedrals Set up under Charlemagne -Encouraged people to learn to read and write Began to use both upper case and lower case letters (connection to today) Clergy were the educated class in medieval times Memorized prayers and passages from the Bible Learning usually was in Latin, the language of the church

18. Education Cathedrals gave rise to the first universities Studied Latin grammar and rhetoric, logic, geometry, arithmetic, astronomy, and music Books were copied by hand and were rare Church was careful about what they taught, and stayed away from ancient writers and thinkers like Aristotle because they didn’t promote Christian believes Thus, the church controlled knowledge and learning!

19. Thomas Aquinas Believed in theology and philosophy Admired thinkers like Aristotle Believed in the natural order of things -Reason helped discover God’s truth -Reason and theology could work together Natural order= right and wrong were built into the way the world was structured. Since God created nature, natural law agreed with the teachings of the Bible. *Aquinas bridged the gap between the church and ancient philosophy. His ideas were rejected at first, but eventually became an important part of the church.

20. Holidays Holidays were tied to the church Word holiday comes from “Holy Day” Christmas (birth of Christ) and Easter (resurrection of Christ) were major holidays Originally, there were no Christmas trees, but people decorated houses with branches and leaves Eggs symbolize “new life”, which is a connection to the resurrection, and a direct connection to our celebration today

21. Jewish Expulsions Christian Contempt for Jews: *Many Christians abhorred Jews because they refused to become Christians *Historically, Christians blamed Jews for the death of Christ (Deicide) *Many Jews lent money and charged interest (a sin to early Christians) *When disease or economic problems were bad, people blamed the Jews *This hatred of Jews is known as anti-Semitism *Mobs attacked and killed Jews in the streets *At times, governments forced Jews to wear special badges or clothing *Jews often had to live in separate communities, known as ghettos *Eventually, Jews lost their right to own land and to practice certain trades *The Spanish Inquisition, led by Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand, persecuted many Jews, and eventually kicked them out of Spain.

22. Summary Religion was central to members of society during the Middle Ages. It impacted all parts of life. Because of this, the church influenced society in a very strong way. It is impossible to understand the history of the Middle Ages without understanding the development and structure of the church.