Substance -Matter with a composition that is always the same

1. Matter -Anything that has mass and takes up space -Most matter on Earth is made up of atoms -Two classifications of matter: substances and mixtures Substance -Matter with a composition that is always the same -Two types of substances: elements and compounds Compounds -Two or more types of atoms bonded together -Properties are different from the properties of the elements that make it up -Each compound has a chemical formula Element -Consists of just one type of atom -organized on the periodic table -Each element has a chemical symbol Su Su Substances physically combine to form mixtures Mixtures can be separated into substances by physical methods. Mixtures -Matter that can vary in composition -Substances are not bonded together -Two types of mixtures: heterogeneous and homogeneous Heterogeneous Mixtures -Two or more substances unevenly mixed -Different substances are visible by an unaided eye or a microscope Homogeneous Mixtures -Two or more substances evenly mixed -Different substances cannot be seen even by a microscope

2. Physical Properties • Physical properties are characteristics of matter that you can observe or measure without changing the identity of the matter. absorptionareabrittlenessboiling pointcolorconcentrationdensityductilityelectric chargeflexibilityfluidity lengthlocationluminancelustermalleabilitymagnetic fieldmassmelting pointmomentmomentumpermeability pressureradiancesolubilitystrengthtemperaturetensionthermal conductivityvelocityviscosityvolumewave impedance

3. The particles that make up a gas move very quickly, spread out, and fill their container. Particles that make up a solid are very close together and vibrate back and forth. This is why solids cannot easily change shape. The particles that make up a liquid have more energy—and thus more motion—than the particles in a solid. Each particle still touches the particles around it, but the particles slide past each other. This is why you can pour a liquid.

4. Size-Dependent Properties • Mass the amount of matter in an object • Sometimes mass is confused with weight, but they are not the same! Weight is the pull of gravity on that matter. Weight changes with location, but mass does not. • Volume the amount of space something takes up. • Volume is measured in milliliters (mL)

5. MiniLab Follow directions on page 360 Purpose: Can the weight of an object change? Hypothesis: Materials: balance, metal washers, spring scale, beaker of 300 mL water Observation: Write a paragraph of what you did and observed Conclusion: Answer the questions 1-3 for HW

6. Size-Independent Properties Melting Point The temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid is its melting point. Boiling Point The temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas is its boiling point.

7. Density -Density is the mass per unit volume of a substance -M/V=D -Every substance has its own individual density -Density NEVER changes because it’s a ratio of mass per volume

8. Size-Independent Properties • Conductivity-the ability of matter to conduct, or carry along, an electric current. • Thermal conductivity-the ability of matter to conduct thermal energy (heat). • Solubility-the ability of one substance to dissolve in another • Solvent-the substance present in the largest amount • Solute-the substance that dissolves in the solvent

9. Separating Mixtures • Substance that make up mixtures are NOT held together by chemical bond. So, the properties of the individual substances do NOT change and they can be separated by physical properties. • Compounds can NOT separated into the elements it contains because they are chemically bonded. Therefore, you can not separate the hydrogen from oxygen in water to get the two separate elements.