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Composition of Matter

Composition of Matter. Atom= building block of an element Smallest part of matter Protons= + charge Neutrons= 0 charge Electrons= -1 charge. Protons & neutrons= IN NUCLEUS Electrons= Orbit OUTSIDE nucleus. Subatomic Particles. Proton: positive charge, +1 mass, in nucleus

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Composition of Matter

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  1. Composition of Matter • Atom= building block of an element • Smallest part of matter • Protons= + charge • Neutrons= 0 charge • Electrons= -1 charge

  2. Protons & neutrons= IN NUCLEUS • Electrons= Orbit OUTSIDE nucleus

  3. Subatomic Particles • Proton: positive charge, +1 mass, in nucleus • Neutron: no charge, +1 mass, in nucleus • Electron: negative charge, 0 mass, outside nucleus • ***# of protons ALWAYS = # Electrons

  4. Identifying Elements: • Atomic Number: number of protons in an element • Zr=40 protons…and _______electrons • Mass Number: Protons + neutrons • H= 1 mass # • He=4 mass #

  5. Sodium Mass Number = 23 Atomic number = 11 11 p+ 23 protons & neutrons - 11 protons ____________________ 12 n 12 neutrons In a neutral sodium atom the number of protons (11) = the number of electrons (11) 2 - 8 - 1

  6. Beryllium Mass Number = 9 Atomic number = 4 4 p+ 9 protons & neutrons - 4 protons ____________________ 5 n 5 neutrons In a neutral beryllium atom the number of protons (4) = the number of electrons (4) 2 - 2

  7. Nitrogen Mass Number = 14 Atomic number = 7 7 p+ 14 protons & neutrons - 7 protons ____________________ 7 n 7 neutrons In a neutral nitrogen atom the number of protons (7) = the number of electrons (7) 2 - 5

  8. Sulfur Mass Number = 32 Atomic number = 16 16 p+ 32 protons & neutrons - 16 protons ____________________ 16 n 16 neutrons In a neutral sulfur atom the number of protons (16) = the number of electrons (16) 2 - 8 - 6

  9. Silicon Mass Number = 28 Atomic number = 14 14 p+ 28 protons & neutrons - 14 protons ____________________ 14 n 14 neutrons In a neutral silicon atom the number of protons (14)= the number of electrons (14) 2 - 8 - 4

  10. Potassium Mass Number = 39 Atomic number = 19 19 p+ 39 protons & neutrons - 19 protons ____________________ 20 n 20 neutrons In a neutral potassium atom the number of protons (19) = the number of electrons (19) 2 - 8 - 8- 1

  11. Periodic Table • Columns on the table are called Groups • Group # is # of valence electrons • Rows are called Periods • Period # tells how many shells you have

  12. Atomic Weight & Isotopes • Isotopes= same # of protons & electrons, but DIFFER in neutrons • Ex) Hydrogen, H2, H3 • They still have same chemical properties • Radioisotopes= heavier isotopes that are unstable and decay • Can be harmful to cells • Can be used to tag biological molecules

  13. Chemical Compounds • Chemical combination of 2 or more elements • Water = H2O • A compound can behave differently than the elements that make it up • Ex) Water. Hydrogen is gas, Oxygen is gas. Together they form a liquid.

  14. Types of Chemical Bonds: • Ionic Bond: when electrons are transferred from one element to another • When an atom gains electrons, it becomes negatively charged and is called Anion. • Cation = positive charge, when element gave up electron

  15. Covalent Bonds: • When atoms share electrons • The valence shell is satisfied by both molecules

  16. Van der Waals Forces • When atoms share electrons, sharing is not always equal. • + and – charges attract to each other

  17. Water Polarity • Because of unequal distribution of electrons, water is polar. • Negative pole of oxygen is attracted to the positive pole of hydrogen

  18. Solutions & Suspensions • Solutions=all components in a mixture are equally distributed • Suspensions= mixture of water and undissolved solutes • Solute=substance dissolved • Solvent=dissolves solute

  19. Acids and Bases • Acids=produces H ions • Value below 7 • Bases=produce OH ions • Value above 7 • Look on pg. 43

  20. pH Scale • Created to indicate the concentration of H ions. • Low # = acid • High #= base

  21. Carbon Compounds • Organic Chemistry is the study of all compounds containing carbon • Carbon can form millions of different bonds • 4 types of compounds: • Carbs Nucleic acids • Lipids Proteins

  22. Carbs= main source of energy • Proteins= form bones, muscles, made of amino acids • Nucleic Acids= store/transmit genetic information • Lipids= store energy, make up membranes

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