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Composition of Matter

Composition of Matter. Ch. 15, sec. 1. Matter. Mixtures. Substances. Homogeneous Mixtures. Compounds. Heterogeneous Mixtures. Elements. Can it be separated by physical methods. NO. YES. Mixtures  Separated by physical methods Compounds  Separated by chemical methods. Element.

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Composition of Matter

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  1. Composition of Matter Ch. 15, sec. 1

  2. Matter Mixtures Substances Homogeneous Mixtures Compounds Heterogeneous Mixtures Elements Can it be separated by physical methods NO YES Mixtures  Separated by physical methods Compounds  Separated by chemical methods

  3. Element Cu Cu Cu • Substance that: • cannot be broken down or decomposed into simpler substance • only 1 kind of atom • has definite properties • Formulas have 1 uppercase letter Cu F2 F F F F

  4. Compounds HCl Cl H H • 2 or more elements chemically combined in a definite ratio • Properties are different from those of elements formed from • Only Broken into elements by chemical decomposition reaction • Formulas have 2 or more uppercase letters Cl Cl H H2O O H H O H H

  5. Compounds

  6. Pure Substances • A pure substance is a type of matter with a fixed composition. • A substance can be either an element or a compound. • All substances are built from atoms. If all the atoms in a substance have the same identity, that substance is an element.

  7. Made of Ions Na+1Cl-1 = NaCl

  8. Mixtures • A mixture is a material made up of two or more substances that can be easily separated by physical means. • Mixtures do not always contain the same proportions of the substances that make them up.

  9. Heterogeneous Mixture • A mixture in which different materials can be distinguished easily is called a heterogeneous mixture. • Granite, concrete and dry soup mixes are some examples. • Most of the substances you come in contact with every day are heterogeneous mixtures.

  10. Homogeneous Mixtures • A homogeneous mixture contains two or more gaseous, liquid, or solid substances blended evenly throughout. • Another name for homogeneous mixtures is solution. A solution is a homogeneous mixture of particles so small that they cannot be seen with a microscope and will never settle to the bottom of their container. • Solutions remain constantly and uniformly mixed. • Examples include vinegar and cold soft drinks.

  11. Solutions • Solutions, as stated above are homogeneous mixtures where the particles don’t settle at the bottom and are uniform throughout • Two need to know definitions: • Solvent – what the solute is being mixed into • Solute – what is the solvent is being mixed with

  12. What is the Solute and what is the solvent? • Cigarette Smoke and Air • Caffeine and Water (Cup of Coffee) • Water and Oxygen (Water in a Fish Tank) • Carbon Dioxide and Sugar Water (Sealed Can of Pop) • Oxygen and Nitrogen (Air) • Minerals and Water (Hard Water) • Water and Sugar (Maple Syrup • Acetic Acid and Water (Vinegar) • Salt and Water (Ocean Water)

  13. Other types of mixtures • There are other types of mixtures that we do not necessarily worry about in 7th grade, but I’m going to introduce them to you so that you are familiar • Colloids • Suspensions

  14. Colloid

  15. Suspension

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