7 th Grade Cells Review

1. 7th Grade Cells Review

2. Explain one exception to the cell theory. Viruses – are not made up of cells

3. Living things contain units of structure and function that arise from preexisting units. This statement best describes the cell theory. 2. lock-and-key model of enzymes. 3. concept of natural selection. 4. heterotroph hypothesis.

4. Which statement is not a part of the cell theory? (1)Cells are the basic unit of structure of living things. (2) Cells are the basic unit of function of living things. (3) Cell parts such as chloroplasts are self-replicating. (4) Cells come from preexisting cells.

5. Which statement explains why viruses are exceptions to the cell theory? They contain genetic material. They are not made up of cells. They reproduce by mitosis. They are surrounded by a protein coat.

6. Give the cell organelle that performs each function. • Transport materials throughout the cell • Protein production • Digests food • Regulates what enters and leaves the cell • 5. Produces energy endoplasmic reticulum ribosomes lysosomes cell membrane mitochondria

7. 6. Controls all cell activities 7. Holds cell organelles 8. Site of photosynthesis 9. Used in cell division 10. Gives plant cell shape and support 11. Stores materials nucleus cytoplasm chloroplasts centrioles cell wall vacuoles

8. Identify all the organelles labeled and give the function of each. Nucleus: controls all cell activities Vacuole: stores materials Ribosome: produces proteins Mitochondria: produces energy Cell membrane: controls what enters and leaves the cell

9. What type of cell is represented? • What is structure B? What is the function of this structure? • What is the function of structure C? • Explain how structure A maintains homeostasis within the cell? Animal cell Nucleus – controls all cell activities Stores materials It controls what enters and exits the cell.

10. Identify the structures labeled and the function of each. 1- nucleus: controls all cell activities 2 – nucleolus: produces ribosomes 3 – cell membrane: controls what enters and exits the cell 4 – cytoplasm: holds cell organelles 5 – cell wall: keeps plant cells rigid and supports plant cell 6 – vacuole: stores materials 7 - chloroplast: site of photosynthesis

11. One difference between plant and animal cells is that animal cells do not have • a nucleus • chloroplasts • a cell membrane • centrioles

12. Which structure permits the entry and exit of materials in an animal cell? (1.) lysosome (2.) chromosome (3.) cell wall (4.) cell membrane

13. The structure most closely associated with the destruction of worn out cell organelles is the (1.) lysosome (2.) centrosome (3.) vacuole (4.) chromosome

14. Which is found in the nucleus? (1.) ribosome (2.) vacuole (3.) lysosome  (4.) chromosome

15. The rigidity (support) of a plant cell is due primarily to the presence of the • chloroplasts • (2) centrosomes • (3) cell membrane • (4) cell wall

16. Whitney observes a cell under the microscope. She identifies it as a green plant cell and not a cheek cell because of a (1.) nucleus (2.) cell membrane (3.) chloroplast (4.) mitochondrion

17. While viewing a slide of rapidly moving sperm cells, a student concludes that these cells require a large amount of energy to maintain their activity. The organelles that most directly provide this energy are known as (1) vacuoles (2) chloroplasts (3) ribosomes (4) mitochondria

18. Which structure is found ONLY in animal cells? (1.) cell wall (2.) vacuoles (3.) centrioles (4.) chloroplasts

19. The organelle most closely associated with the manufacture of proteins within the cell is the (1.) ribosome (2.) nucleolus (3.) cell wall (4.) cell membrane

20. What is this structure called? • 2.In what kind of cell is this structure found? • 3. What process occurs in this structure? chloroplast Plant cell Photosynthesis

21. What is this structure called? • What is the function of this organelle? • In what kind of cells would you find this organelle? mitochondria Produces energy (ATP) Both animal and plant celld

22. Which sequence of terms is in the correct order from simplest to most complex?(1) cells, tissues, organs, organ systems(2) tissues, organisms, cells, organ systems(3) cells, tissues, organ systems, organs(4) organs, organisms, organ systems, cells

23. Explain two differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells do not contain a nucleus while eukaryotic cells do. Prokaryotic cells do not contain cell organelles while eukaryotic cells do. DNA in prokaryotic cells is found in the cytoplasm while the DNA in eukaryotic cells is found in the nucleus. Prokaryotic cells are smaller than eukaryotic cells do.

24. Give an example of a prokaryotic cell. 2. Give an example of a eukaryotic cell. bacteria Paramecia, ameba, algae, animal and plant cells

25. The breakdown of organic compounds to produce ATP is known as • cellular respiration • transpiration          • active transport                     • photosynthesis

26. An important molecule generated by both lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation is • ATP     • (2) CO2 • (3) CO2 • (4) H2O

27. C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6 H2O + X • What is the name of the process represented above? 2. Where does this process occur? 3. What molecule does X represent? Aerobic respiration mitochondria Energy or ATP

28. Aerobic respiration and fermentation are similar in that both processes (1.) require oxygen (2.) utilize light energy (3.) release energy (4.) produce carbohydrates

29. When muscles are exercised extensively in the absence of sufficient oxygen, lactic acid is produced                  a large amount of ATP is formed NADH molecules split              oxidative respiration occurs

30. Yeast produce alcohol and CO2 in the process of • lactic acid fermentation                   • alcoholic fermentation • aerobic respiration                     • glycolysis

31. In the presence of oxygen, _____ molecules of ATP can be formed. • 2       (2) 19         • (3) 36          (4) 63

32. An end product of alcoholic fermentation is • glucose         • (2) oxygen        • (3) carbon dioxide       • (4) lactic acid

33. The life function of transport in an organism directly involves those activities used to: • absorb and distribute materials • obtain and break down materials • release energy from food • produce cellular waste products

34. What type of transport does this picture represent? Explain your answer. Active transport Substances are moving from a LOW to HIGH concentration.

35. The diagram above shows the same type of molecule in area A and area B. With the  passage of time, some molecules move from area A to area B. This movement is the result of the process of  __________. passive transport

36. The movement of materials from higher to lower concentration is called  (1.) diffusion  (2.) active transport  (3.) pinocytosis (4.) phagocytosis

37. The movement of materials from lower to higher concentration requiring energy is called  (1.) movement (2.) diffusion  (3.) active transport (4.) cell division

38. Diffusion is a term for the movement of molecules from (1) an area of low concentration to a high concentration         (2) an adjacent area to a gradient area (3) an area of high concentration to a low concentration          (4) a nucleus to the mitochondria