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Power Summary

Power Summary. Alternator. Background de Meritens Gramme Wilde & Siemens Ferranti Gordon Mordley. Alternator. Early Dynamos Constant Maintenance Commutators Brush-Gear Could not Be Design For AC Alternating Current Better Wave Form - Efficiency Alternator Back To Work Of Holmes

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Power Summary

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  1. Power Summary

  2. Alternator • Background • de Meritens • Gramme • Wilde & Siemens • Ferranti • Gordon • Mordley

  3. Alternator • Early Dynamos • Constant Maintenance • Commutators • Brush-Gear • Could not Be Design For AC • Alternating Current • Better Wave Form - Efficiency • Alternator • Back To Work Of Holmes • Non Continuous Winding - Distributed Winding

  4. Baron A. de Maritens • Manufactured - 1880 • Permanent Magnets • Magneto-Electric Type • Installations • Trinity House - S. Foreland • Lizard Lighthouses • Still In Use In 1947 • 4.5 kw At 830 rpm

  5. Gramme (1878) • Rotating Field • Exciter - Built Into Alternator Carcass • 2-Polar Dynamo With Ring Armature

  6. Wilde (1878) • Armature Coils • Bobbins • Similar To Holmes • Siemens • Eliminated Iron cores On Bobbins

  7. Sebastian Ziani de Ferranti • 1881 • Rotor Winding • Copper Ribbon • Advantage • Free To Expand

  8. J. E. H. Gordon (1852-1893) • Power Plants • Largest Alternators Of The Time (1885) • Alternator • 600 hp At 146 rpm • 10 ft Diameter • 22 tons • Problem • Overheating - Laminated Cores • Power Source • Steam At 160 psi

  9. Paddington Great Western Railway Station (1885)GordonAlternators

  10. W. M. Mordey (1856-1938) • 1886 • Rotating Field Magnet • Coil Between Two Steel Plates • Fixed Stator

  11. Electric Lighting • Lighthouses • Limelight (1850) • Lime Incandescent In Oxy-Hydrogen flame • Electric Arc-Lamps, “Jablochkoff Candles” (1857) • Street Lighting - Electric Arc • Paris (1875) • Llondon (1878) • Domestic Lighting • Electric Arc-Lamps - Too Powerfull • Filament Lamp (1881)

  12. Electric Power Stations • Background • Transformers • Deptford Power Station • DC Or AC • Parallel Operation Of Alternators

  13. Background • First Power Station (1882) • Supplied Private Customers • Holborn Viaduct Station - Edison Co. • Brighton & Godalming • Grosvenor Gallery (1883) • AC @ High Voltage • Customers Given Series Transformers • Ferranti • Replaced Seimens Alts. With 2400 V Alternators • Switch From Series To Parallel - Gibbs

  14. Brighton Power Station (1887)

  15. Transformers • Faraday (1831) • Principle Of AC Transformer • Mutual Induction Of Windings • Gaulard & Gibbs (1883) • Adjustable Core • Series Circuit • Ferrenti Or Westinghouse • Parallel Circuit

  16. Deptford Power Station (1991) • Intended To Supply London • Ferranti • Transmission At High Voltage (10,000 V) • Mains • 20 ft Copper Tubing (Inner & Outer) • Separated By Paper • Used In London For 40 Years • Power Output • Four Ferranti Generators (10,000 V Windings) • One 10,000 hp Steam Engine • Led To Small Power Stations • Maiden Lane (1889)

  17. Deptford Power Station (1891)

  18. Maiden Lane

  19. D.C. Or A.C. • Pro A.C. • England • Ferranti, Gordon, Mordley, Thompson • U.S. • Westinghouse, Tesla, Sprague, Steinmetz • Pro D.C. • England • Lord Kelvin, Crompton, Kennedy, Hopkinson • U.S. • Edison

  20. D.C. Or A.C. (Continued) • A.C. • Advantages • High Voltage Generation & Transmission • Less Main Loss • Disadvantages • Electrocution • D.C. • Advantages • Large Storage Batteries During Light Load • Safe • Disadvantages • High Voltage Transmission (No H.V. Machines) • Battery Maintenance

  21. D.C. Or A.C. (Continued) • Arguments • Brown & Edison • Death Penalty By Lethal Electrocution • Bought Generators From Westinghouse (1889) • Westinghouse • Contact For Niagara Falls Power Scheme • Bitter Fights Between Edison & Westinghouse • Change-Over • Equal Number Of D.C. & A.C. In 1890 • London (1958) • Some Areas & Provincial Towns Are Still D.C.

  22. Batteries • Primary Batteries • Non reverseable Chemical Reaction • Single Or Two Fluid Classes • Single Fluid Class • Voltaic Cell - Zinc & Copper • Problem - Variable Voltage • Subject To Polarizartion • Hydrogen At Positive Pole • Two Fluid Class • Constant Electromotive Force

  23. Batteries - Single Fluid • Helm (1850) • Carbon Replaced Copper • Warren de la Rue (1868) • Lead Dioxide • Silver Chloride • G. Leclanche (1866) • Lead Acid • R. W. Bunsen (1844) • Carbon & Zinc Plates With Chromic Acid • Grenet (1859) - Shown • Carbon & Zinc Plates With Potassium Dichromate

  24. Batteries - Two Fluid • Used For Telegraph • Daniell Cell • Electrolyte - Dilute Sulfuric Acid • Constant Voltage • Plates Did Not Waste • Active For Long Periods • No Unpleasant Fumes • Minotto Cell • Replaced Pot With Sand • Fuller Cell • 12 Cells • Telegraph (1875)

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