Early Agriculture 8000 BCE- 600 lecture ONE

1. 7 CHARACTERISTICS OF A CIVILIZATION Generation OF reliable surpluses Highly specialized occupations Clear social class distinctions Growth of cities Complex, formal governments Long-distant trade Organized writing system DEFINITION OF A HUMAN Aggressive against their own kind Babies are dependant for a long time -Limits adult women Awareness of death Opposable thumb Standing upright (bipedial) FAACIAL EXPRESSIONS Elaborate speech Early Agriculture 8000 BCE- 600 lecture ONE

2. Old stone age Foragers –hunter gatherer society Nomadic Slow population growth Survival techniques, Lived in large enough tribes to defend themselves, housing and clothing Cave painting at Lascaux Belief in the afterlife Middle stone age 12,ooo to 8000 BCE Stone tools Domesticated animals Accelerated population growth Paleolithic age Meolithic age

3. Agricultural vs. neolithic Systematics/swidden agriculture Cleared land Domestication, dogs, selective breeding, llamas in the americas Development of villages due to surplus food supplies Growing crops (advantage)-increased populations Climate changes- social stratification Loss of large game animals- conflicts (villages, hunter-gatherers vs farmers) Agricultural Revol. Cause & Effect