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Per. I: 8000 – 600 BCE

Per. I: 8000 – 600 BCE. Neolithic Revolution ~10,000 bce p eople settle down d evelop new social, political, & economic systems. Neolithic Revolution. Permanent settlements e galitarian h orticulture -or- pastoralism d iseases increased p opulation increased

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Per. I: 8000 – 600 BCE

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  1. Per. I: 8000 – 600 BCE Neolithic Revolution ~10,000 bce people settle down develop new social, political, & economic systems

  2. Neolithic Revolution Permanent settlements • egalitarian • horticulture -or- pastoralism • diseases increased • population increased • increased fertility • pottery, weaving, plows, wheels, cemeteries

  3. Rise of Civilizations Development of irrigation intensive agriculture • Along river valleys: • Mesopotamia – 1st to appear on Tigris & Euphrates • also, Nile (Egypt), Indus (Mohenjo-Daro & Harappa), Yellow (Shang) • New World: • Mesoamerica (Olmecs) • Andes (Chavin)

  4. Social/Economic/Political Effects More reliable food supply • Less labor • Less variety • Food surplus Specialization of labor • artisans • warriors • accountants • Class hierarchies • accumulation of wealth • patriarchal social systems

  5. Early Civilizations Developed complex institutions • New political systems • Mobilized labor • Divine support • Competition for favorable resources • Example: Hittites had iron deposits • Territorial expansion • Mesopotamia, Babylonia, Nile Valley

  6. Early Civilizations New weapons & transportation • compound bow, iron weapons, chariots Culture shapes: • Language • Religion, Myths • Laws • Literature, Art • Class & gender hierarchies

  7. Early Civilizations Monumental Architecture • pyramids, temples, ziggurats Urban Planning • streets, defensive walls, plumbing

  8. Achievements Promotion of the Arts • sculpture, painting, wall decor, weaving Systems of record-keeping • cuneiform, hieroglyphs, pictographs, alphabets, quipu Legal Codes • Hammurabi New religious beliefs • Hinduism, Judaism, Zoroastrianism

  9. Trade Expansion • local regional trans-regional • Egypt to Nubia • Mesopotamia to Indus Valley

  10. Literature Became reflection of culture • Epic of Gilgamesh • Rig Veda • Egyptian Book of the Dead

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