1. Trace the water you drink from precipitation to tap.

1. 1. Trace the water you drink from precipitation to tap. 2. How many days til the moon is full? (Slack of 2 days allowed.) 3. What soil series are you standing on ? 4. What was the total rainfall in your area last year (July-June)? (Slack: 1” for every 20”.) 5. When was the last time a fire burned in your area? 6. What were the primary subsistence techniques of the people that lived in your area before you? 7. Name 5 edible plants in your region and their season(s) of availability. 8. From what direction do winter storms generally come in your region? 9. Where does your garbage go? 10. How long is the growing season where you live? 11. On what day of the year are the shadows the shortest where you live? 12. When do the deer rut in your region, and when are the young born? 13. Name five grasses in your area. Are any of them native? 14. Name five resident and five migratory birds in your area. 15. What is the land use history of where you live? 16. What primary ecological event/process influenced the land forms where you live? (Bonus special: what's the evidence?) 17. What species have become extinct in your area? 18. What are the major plant associations in your region? 19. From where you're reading this, point north. 20. What spring wildflower is consistently among the first to bloom where you live?

2. Key Features of Industrialization • Appearance of new technologies (cotton gin, power loom, steam engine) • Rise of large factories, manufacturing industries • Shift away from agriculturewage labor • Rapid growth of population and cities • Economic growth/rising living standards for many and rising inequality • More intensive resource use/more waste

3. Industrialization also requires: 1. Natural resources that can be exploited (e.g., timber, minerals, etc.) 2. Labor 3. Desire

4. Founders of the Boston Manufacturing Company, 1813: Nathan Appleton, Patrick Tracy Jackson, Paul Moody, Francis Cabot Lowell (not pictured)

5. Map of Chelmsford, Massachusetts, 1821(Univ of Massachusetts)

6. Environmental Effects of the New England Textile Industry? “Salmon, shad and Alewives were formerly abundant here…until the dam,…and the factories at Lowell, put an end to their migrations hitherward….Perchance, after a few thousands of years, if the fishes will be patient, and pass their summers elsewhere…nature will have levelled…the Lowell factories, and the Grass-ground River [will] run clear again.” -Henry David Thoreau, A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers, 1849

7. Environmental Effects of the New England Textile Industry: • Altered flow of river: flooded lands upstream, less water downstream • Blocked sediment, reducing river’s fertility and spawning sites downstream • Blocked anadromous fish from migrating and spawning upstream (e.g., salmon) • Polluted water: dyes, bleaches, soap, trash, sewage

8. Social Effects of the New England Textile Industry: • Mill owners gain control over river and landscape; local people lose control over river • Local people lose access to river’s resources (e.g., salmon, shad) • Loss of subsistence resourcesmore wage labor

9. Summary of Environmental and Social Effects of the New England Textile Industry • Environmental effects on rivers • Destroyed anadromous fisheries • Altered flow: flooded lands upstream, less water downstream • Water pollution (dyes, trash, sewage) • Social effects • People lose access to river (and fish) and lose control over river • Decline of subsistence agriculture/fishing; growth of wage labor

10. English mill town

11. Steamboat Chas. P. Chouteau, shown here in Natchez, Mississippi, in December 1878, with 7,818 bales of cotton

12. Why the turn toward cotton in the 19th Century South? • Rising demand for cotton (driven by mills, manufacturers) • Technological innovations (cotton gin, power loom) that allow for much faster processing • Climate/Ecology of the south • Market orientation of southern planters (always looking for cash crops) • Availability of cheap labor (i.e., slave system) 6. Availability of land on which to grow cotton

13. Environmental Effects: Soil Depletion James S. Peacocke, a Louisiana planter, on why southern planters don’t fertilize : “In respect to our worn out lands, it is almost useless for anyone to waste paper and ink to write the Southern planter telling him to manure. It is well enough for northern farmers to talk; they can well afford to fertilize their little spots of ten or a dozen acres; but a southern plantation of 500 or 600 acres in cultivation would require all the manure in the parish and all the force to do it justice….Again, we have no time to haul the large quantities of manure to the field, for it generally takes until January to get all our cotton, and we have to rush it then, to get time to make repairs before we go to plowing for our next crop.”

14. Environmental Effects: Soil Erosion “Tens of thousands of acres of once productive lands are now reduced to the maximum of sterility….Water-worn, gullied old fields everywhere meet the eye.” - Resident of South Carolina’s piedmont region writing about soil exhaustion in the 1850s Soil erosion in the South Carolina Piedmont, 1930s (Auburn University Archives)

15. Donkey engine--invented 1881 (UW Special Collections) • “When one considers [that] . . . they require no stable and no feed, that all expense stops when the whistle blows, no oxen killed and no teams to winter, no ground too wet, no hill too steep, it is easy to see they are a revolution in logging.” • -George Emerson of Grays Harbor lumberman and the first to use steam donkeys north of the Columbia River:

16. Sources of Capitalist Industrialization? -Resources -Labor -Desire

17. Weighing the Impacts of Industrialization: -Economic -increase in aggregate wealth (but very unequally distributed) -Environmental -more rapid, more thorough exploitation of environment (less time and opportunity for regeneration) -Social -changing nature of work -rising inequality -people are more dependent on the market to supply needs -more people reap benefit of distant ecosystems -communities often lose control over local ecosystems (landscape is privatized) -Cultural -commodification of landscape -distancing

18. Scoring * 0-3 You have your head up your ***. * 4-7 It's hard to be in two places at once when you're not anywhere at all. * 8-12 A firm grasp of the obvious. * 13-16 You're paying attention. * 17-19 You know where you're at. * 20 You not only know where you're at, you know where it's at. “Where You At? A Bioregional Quiz,” developed by Leonard Charles, Jim Dodge, Lynn Milliman, and Victoria Stockley. Published in Coevolution Quarterly 32 (Winter 1981).