The Nation Grows and Prospers

1. The Nation Grows and Prospers U.S. History Chapter 11

2. Industrial Revolution Begins Factories changed the way goods were manufactured by increasing the rate of production.

3. Industrial Revolution Begins • The production of textiles established the model for industrial factories in the 1800s. • Creation of textile factories allowed for a manufacturing economy in the Northeast.

4. Industrial Revolution Begins • Industrialization in America created more employment opportunities for immigrants • This resulted in the influx of immigrants into America

5. Industrial Revolution Begins British mechanic Samuel Slater memorized the machine design and brought textile factory information to the United States.

6. Industrial Revolution The creation of power looms made more jobs available for women and children.

7. Industrial Revolution A major impact industrialization had on America was by widening the gap between rich and poor.

8. Urbanization • Industrial Revolution led to increased U.S. urbanization • Population moved from the rural farming areas to the cities

9. Urbanization • Most of the jobs that were created as a result of the Industrial Revolution were located in the Northeast. • New York City was the largest city by 1840s.

10. Western Expansion Building of the Erie Canal benefited commerce by providing a faster means of transportation.

11. Western Expansion Job availability for immigrants increased sharply due in part to the building of canals for transportation throughout the United States

12. Inventions Inventions of interchangeable parts, the train, steamboat and cotton gin contributed to the rise of industrialization.

13. Inventions Eli Whitney invented interchangeable parts, changing the way America’s factories operated during the Industrial Revolution.

14. Inventions Interchangeable parts decreased the cost of producing goods.

15. Inventions The railroad system led to rapid industrialization because it enabled more efficient transportation and disbursement of industrial goods nationwide

16. Inventions The invention of the steamboat enhanced America’s economic development by making river transportation easier.

17. Inventions Whitney’s invention of the cotton gin resulted in more efficient processing of cotton in the South.

18. Industrial Revolution Cause-Effect • Industrial growth led to urban growth • Factories increased the rate of production of goods

19. Industrial Revolution Cause-Effect • Improved roads leading to western expansion of the nation • Sectionalism beginning to threaten national unity

20. Industrial Revolution Cause-Effect Industrial Revolution also resulted in widening gap between rich and poor.

21. Era of Good Feelings President James Monroe helped create a new sense of national unity. After War of 1812, U.S. enjoyed a period of economic growth

22. Monroe Doctrine U.S. successfully challenged European intervention, or direct involvement, in Latin America.

23. Monroe Doctrine United States was determined to keep European powers out of the Western Hemisphere.

24. Monroe Doctrine “The American continents are henceforth not to be considered as subject for future colonization by any European powers.”

25. Sectionalism • Loyalty to one’s state or section rather than to the nation as a whole. • Made national unity more difficult

26. Sectionalism • Contrasts between North and South were significant in the type of economic industries. • The South had a rural, agricultural economy due to a favorable climate.

27. Sectionalism North: • Free (choice) labor • Short growing season • Strong industrial base • Strong federal government • High tariffs

28. Sectionalism North: Primary reason for growth of industrialization was the rapid rise in the rate of urbanization.

29. Sectionalism South: • Slavery and free labor • Long growing season • Reliance upon agriculture • States’ rights • Low tariffs

30. Sectionalism The plantation economic system was developed in the South due to the availability of inexpensive labor. Cotton production thrived due to slave labor, cotton gins, and textile factories.

31. Protective Tariffs Senator Henry Clay wanted to promote economic growth by protecting American manufacturers by taxing imported goods.

32. Protective Tariffs “The sole object of the tariff is to tax the produce of foreign industry, with the view of promoting American industry.” Henry Clay was discussing protective tariffs.

33. Protective Tariffs Southerners opposed protective tariffs on imports because they tended to favor northern states who specialized in manufacturing, giving the North an unfair political advantage.

34. Protective Tariffs Tariffs unintentionally furthered growth of sectionalism.

35. Supreme Court Expands • McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) • Court ruled that states had no power to control federal institutionswithin their borders. • Clarified constitutional powers of Congress

36. Supreme Court Expands • Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) • Only federal government has the power to regulate foreign and interstate commerce, or trade between states

37. Good Luck on your test!