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The Russian Empire

The Russian Empire. In Russia…. There are: 90 different ethnic or cultural groups 80 different languages spoken 11 different time zones Coasts on three oceans (Atlantic, Pacific, and Arctic). Russia’s Geography. Geographically the largest country in the world Ural Mountains in the west

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The Russian Empire

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  1. The Russian Empire

  2. In Russia… • There are: • 90 different ethnic or cultural groups • 80 different languages spoken • 11 different time zones • Coasts on three oceans (Atlantic, Pacific, and Arctic)

  3. Russia’s Geography • Geographically the largest country in the world • Ural Mountains in the west • Siberian Plains (sleeping land) • Few bodies of warm water • Frozen tundra near Arctic Circle

  4. Russia

  5. Taiga is the Russian word for forest The average temperature is below freezing for six months out of the year. The winter temperature range is -65 to 30° F. Temperature range in the summer gets as low as - 20° F. The high in summer can be 70° F. Siberian Plains

  6. Covers 75% of Russia’s land mass Most of Siberia is covered by permafrost or taiga and is uninhabitable (2/3 of the population lives in Western Russia) Includes Lake Baikal, the deepest and cleanest lake in the world Siberian Plains

  7. Siberian Plains

  8. Climate • Largely a continental climate • Hot summers • Cold winters • Little rainfall • European Russia is more maritime-continental under the influence of the Atlantic Ocean, the Baltic Sea, and the Black Sea

  9. The Russian Empire • Mongols from eastern Asia conquered and ruled Russia from the 13th to the 15th centuries • In 1547 a 16-year-old, Ivan IV, was named czar; he became known as Ivan the Terrible • During Ivan the Terrible’s reign, as well as following czars, Russia had an unlimited government • Form of government in which a single ruler holds all the power

  10. Conflicts at Home • The Russian czars were often in conflict with Russian nobles • Nobles possessed much land and wealth • Czars viewed the nobles as a threat to their control • Ivan the Terrible ordered his soldiers to murder Russian nobles and church leaders who opposed him

  11. Peter the Great Ruled from 1682 to 1725 Defeated Sweden and won land along the Baltic Sea Built a port city: St. Petersburg Used ideas and innovations of the Industrial Revolution to modernize and strengthen Russia Did not improve life for peasants The Expansion of Russia

  12. Catherine the Great Ruled from 1762 to 1796 Added new lands, including present-day Ukraine and Belarus Started new schools and encouraged art, science, and literature Lives of peasants continued to be unpleasant and when the rebelled in the 1770s Catherine crushed their uprising The Expansion of Russia

  13. A Divided Russia • In the 19th century most people were poor and most wealth belonged to the nobles, dividing the country • Led to conflict and eventually political revolution

  14. Sent their children to be educated in Germany and France Were army officers or government officials Supported the czar and were proud of Russia’s growing power The Nobles

  15. Had no land or money of their own Worked on farms owned by others and received little government help In 1861, Alexander II decided to end serfdom, hoping this would help his country compete with Western Europe Had to pay heavy taxes and the land they were given the land given to them was not good for farming The Serfs

  16. University students, artists, and writers believed that the treatment of the serfs was unfair Workers in Russian cities complained about low pay and poor working conditions These groups banded together and tried to overthrow the government Bloody Sunday

  17. Bloody Sunday • In 1905 a group of workers marched to the royal palace in St. Petersburg with a list of demands • Government troops shot many of them • As news of this spread across Russia, citizens became even angrier with the government and czar

  18. In 1914 World War I began Nicholas II tried to avoid joining the war, but failed Russia’s allies included the U.K. and France suffered terrible losses while fighting Germany and its allies During the war there were food shortages in the cities and workers went on strike The End of the Russian Empire

  19. Workers went on strike Russian revolutionaries organized the workers against the czar Even the army turned against the czar, and in 1917 Nicholas was forced to give up power The overturning of the Russian monarchy is known as the Russian Revolution The End of the Russian Empire

  20. The End of the Russian Empire • Nicholas II and the royal family were imprisoned by the revolutionaries • On July 17, 1918 they were executed • This ended more than 300 years of rule by the Romanov family and nearly 400 years of the czarist rule

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