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Afghanistan Nationalism

Afghanistan Nationalism. By: Ebony Uribe Cindy Nguyen. Nationalism Definition. Refers to an ideology, a sentiment, a form of culture, or a social movement that focuses on the nation. It is a type of collectivism emphasizing the collective of a specific nation. Nationalism Drive Control

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Afghanistan Nationalism

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  1. AfghanistanNationalism By: Ebony Uribe Cindy Nguyen

  2. Nationalism Definition • Refers to an ideology, a sentiment, a form of culture, or a social movement that focuses on the nation. It is a type of collectivism emphasizing the collective of a specific nation. • Nationalism Drive • Control • Power • Domination • Unity

  3. History • Crossroad between different civilizations. • 522 BCE--486 BCE- Persia conquerd Afghanistan • 329 BCE– 326 BCE- Alexander the Great of Macedonia conquered Afghanistan • 652- Arabs introduce Islam.

  4. History cont. • 1332-Descendants of Ghorid rulers conquer Afghanistan. • 1613-1689- Uprising against Moghul government. • 1736 - Nadir Shah (head of Persia) occupies parts of Afghanistan. • 1747- Shah is assassinated. Afghans, establish modern Afghanistan.

  5. History cont. • 1773- 1793- Rule of Timur Shah. Internal revolts. • 1826- Dost Mohammad Khan establishes control. • 1836- Britain invades. • 1843- Annihilation of British troops= Afghanistan is independent again. • 1934- USA formally recognizes Afghanistan.

  6. History Cont. • 1994-Taliban militia are born. • 2001- Taliban destroy historical momentums.

  7. 9/11 • Taliban - September 11th: suicide attacks on the U.S. kill more than 3,000 people and destroy the two towers of the World Trade Center and part of the Pentagon.

  8. Opposition Suppressed • Ahmad Shah Masood • In April 2001, he was visiting Europe to gain support against the Taliban. • Two days before 9/11, Masood was killed by assassins posing as journalists. • Abdul Haq • Was trying to create a popular uprising in Afghanistan against the Taliban in the wake of the September 11th attacks. • Executed by the Taliban in October 2001.

  9. Languages • Most common languages • Eastern Farsi/ Dari • Pashto • Other • Uzbek & Turkmen • 30 minor languages • Bilingualism is common • Big difference in literacy rates for males and females.

  10. Religions • Mid-1980s • ~ 30,000-150,00 Hindus & Sikhs in varies cities (mainly Jalalabad, Kabul, & Kandahar) • 99% Muslim • 74-80% Sunni • 19-25% Shi’a • Small Jewish community • Last one is Zablon Simintov

  11. Taliban

  12. Education • Obstacles • Lack of funding • Unsafe school building • Cultural norms • Lack of women teacher • Rapid change in the face of higher education • After 2001, Kabul University was reopened to both genders.

  13. Education cont. • 2006: American University of Afghanistan opened its door & accepted students from Afghanistan & the neighboring countries • New military school with purpose of properly training & educating their soldiers

  14. Media • Media was very restricted • Censorship slowly loosend after 2001 • Reporters Without Borders listed the media environment as 1st for most free

  15. Ethnic Groups • 41% Pashtun • 38% Tajik • 10% Hazara • 6% Uzbek Population – large variety of Ethnic groups No exact distribution • 2% Turkmen • 1% Nuristani • 1% Baloch • 1% other

  16. Economy • One of world’s poorest countries. • Recovering from decades of conflict. • Has improved significantly since fall of Taliban. • Extremely poor, landlocked, and highly dependant on foreign aid, agriculture, and trade with neighboring countries. • Main source of income is agriculture. • Industry based on agriculture and pastoral raw materials.

  17. Economy Continued • Sheep farming is extremely valuable. • Rich in natural resources. • $8 billion in bilateral debt. • $500 million in debt to Multilateral Development Banks. • Unit of money= Afghani • Population below poverty line= 53% • Unemployment rate= 40%

  18. Taliban's New Target – Mobile -Phone Towers • destroyed a mobile-phone tower • No telephone signals during the evening and overnight • Taliban want to damage economy • Mobile networks are important for ordinary Afghans

  19. Current Event- June 8, 2009 • New troops to defeat Taliban. • Marine buildup will occur in Hemland. • USA is helping Afghan government vs. Taliban.

  20. Future of Afghanistan • Taliban moves away • Less US troops • Country unites • Less censorship • Improved education • Kabul rebuilt

  21. The End

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