Classification of Living Things

1. Classification of Living Things

2. Entrance question • List at least five thing humans classify.

3. What if no one knew who or what you were?What if you did not have a name?

4. What are some ways you are classified? • Gender • Age • Social security number • Income • State/ are of residence • Profession

5. Connection to the past • In early ancient Greece a philosopher started the thinking of classifying organisms based on characteristics. • It was once thought that there were only two kingdoms: Plants and animals.

6. Let’s watch brain pop. • http://www.brainpop.com/science/diversityoflife/classification/

7. Linnaeus • His two prime contributions were: • Establish conventions for the naming of living organisms using binomial nomenclature (the genus name followed by the species name) • Developing an hierarchical system for classification of organisms. Linnaeus' conventions would become universally accepted in the scientific world.

8. Carolus Linnaeus • A Swedish scientist that founded the science of taxonomy.

9. Taxonomy • Is the science of naming and classifying organisms.

10. Why do scientists classify living things?

11. To make it easier to organize, find, and share information and eliminate confusion. Without this naming system if I told you to pet Felisdomesticus, if you picked the wrong one you could be injured.

12. Classification • The division of organisms into groups, or classes, based on their characteristics.

13. Classifying • The more levels shared, the more organisms have in common. • As you move down, there are fewer kinds of organisms in each group, but organism look similar and have more in common with one another.

14. Scientists around the world use the system of binomial nomenclature to identify all living organism. This system assigns the Latin words as the scientific name.

15. Scientific name • The system that assigns the Latin words genus (capitalized) and species (lowercase)

16. Con’t • The first part of an organism’s scientific name is Genus and the second part is Species. • Together these two names identify one kinds of organism. House Cat genus: Felis Species: domesticus

17. Human Homo sapien African Elephant Loxdonta africana Mountain lion Felis concolor

18. Binomial nomenclature • the system of assigning two-part Latin or Latinized scientific names to plants, animals, and microorganisms, with the first word denoting the genus and the second the species.

19. Kingdom classification

20. http://www.brainpop.com/science/diversityoflife/sixkingdoms/

21. For a long time, all life on Earth was divided into five kingdoms. Now many scientists say there are six kingdoms. They have divided the first kingdom into two separate groups.

22. Each kingdom is divided into many phyla. Phyla are divided into classes. Classes are divided into orders. Orders are divided in families. Families are divided into genera Genera are divided into species. These divisions are based on characteristics. • Let’s look at these groups.

23. Levels of Classification( know this in order) • Kingdom • Phylum • Class • Order • Family • Genus • Species

24. Make a sentence to help you remember the groups in order. K-king P-Phillip C-came O-over F-for G-great S-spaghetti

25. Kingdom • Largest group or level of classification • Organized according to certain traits

26. The Six Kingdoms

27. Archaebacteria( ancient ) • Has one cell/prokaryotic • Has no nucleus • Makes its own food/autotroph • They do not have cell walls • The term archae means ancient • Some move from place to place • Lives in extreme environments (hot, cold, salty and acidic)

28. Autotroph • able to manufacture nutrients: describes organisms, especially green plants, that are capable of making nutrients from inorganic materials.

29. Types of archeabacteria • Methanogens- Produce methane and die if exposed to oxygen. • Halophiles- live in very salty lakes and ponds. • Thermophiles- live in extreme heat or cold.

30. Halophiles/thermophiles A boiling hot springs in Yellowstone National Park. The orange-red coloration is caused by dense colonies of photosynthetic cyanobacteria

31. Eubacteria (true) • Has one cell/prokaryotic • Has no nucleus • Makes or obtains own food(can be considered heterotrophic or autotrophic) • Live in neutral conditions • Some move from place to place • Contains all prokaryotic cells except archaebacteria • Known as decomposers • They may be helpful or harmful

32. Heterotroph • getting nutrients through food digestion: obtaining nourishment by digesting plant or animal matter, as animals do, as opposed to photosynthesizing food, as plants do

33. E. coli

34. Exit question • How do scientists classify organisms?

35. Entrance question • What do scientist use to name organisms?

36. Protista Kingdom • Mostly one-celled eukaryotic organisms • Makes or obtains own food • Classified by the way they obtain energy • Some move from place to place

38. Protozoa

39. Paramecium/uses cilia for movement

40. Cilia • microscopic hairlike process extending from the surface of a cell or unicellular organism.

41. Contractile vacuole • membrane-bound organelle found in certain protists that periodically expands, filling with water, and then contracts, expelling its contents to the cell exterior.

42. Euglena/uses flagella for movement

43. Flagella • A long, threadlike appendage, especially a whip-like extension of certain cells or unicellular organisms that functions as an organ of locomotion.

44. Amoeba/uses pseudopods for movement

45. Pseudopods • A temporary foot-like extension of a one-celled organism used for moving about and for surrounding and taking in food.

46. Protists The three groups of protists are: • Fungus –like • Plant-like • Animal-like

47. Algae

48. Fungi • They are eukaryotic heterotrophs that can act as decomposers. The kingdom includes mushrooms, mold, and yeasts. All fungi except yeast are multicellular. Fungi obtain energy by absorbing materials. Fungi have no chloroplasts, but do have cell walls.

49. Fungus Kingdom • Has one or many cells • Has a nucleus/eukaryotic • Absorbs food/heterotroph • Cannot move from place to place sessile • Do not have chloroplasts or cell walls • Reproduce by spores

50. Spore • asexual reproductive structure: a small, usually one-celled reproductive structure produced by seedless plants, algae, fungi, and some protozoans that is capable of developing into a new organism.