Macromolecules

1. Macromolecules Who are they?

2. Macromolecules • Carbohydrates • Lipids • Proteins • Nucleic acids

3. MacromoleculesWhy we study these four • Make up the most common biological molecules • While relatively simple, perform most of the complex functions in cells • Universally found in all biological systems

4. Macromolecules:What you need to know! • Structure of the basic unit (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids) • How they react to form larger molecules • How the larger molecules are broken down into basic units • Functions of the molecules in living organisms

5. Carbohydrates

6. Carbohydrates Also known as saccharides Saccharides are used for:

7. Carbohydrates Monosaccharides - Must know these!

8. Monosaccharides • Can be found in ring or linear form

9. Isomers of Carbon a-glucose b-glucose

10. Linear vs. Ringed Saccharides: Be able to draw the reaction that leads to α-fructose and β-fructose.

11. Disaccharides

12. Saccharide Reactions • Monosaccharides can combine in _______________ reactions to form disaccharides and polysaccharides Which two functional groups participate in this reaction? What small molecule is created in this process?

13. Saccharide Reactions Glycosidicbond. Glycosidic bonds are named according to the C atoms participating in the reaction. Draw a glycosidic bound between a glucose and fructose molecule.

14. Glucose Isomers

15. Disaccharides • Name the two molecules involved and the type of bond.

16. Disaccharides: • Name the two molecules involved and the type of bond.

17. Disaccharides • Name the two molecules involved and the type of bond.

18. Polysaccharides

19. Major Biological Molecules • Glycogen • Starch • amylose • amylopectin • Cellulose • Chitin

20. Glycogen Molecules involved? Types of bonds?

21. Glycogen

22. Starch

23. Cellulose

24. Chitin

25. Chitin