Unit 2: Our Relationship with leadership & Government

1. Unit 2: Our Relationship with leadership & Government Pre confederation: conflicts Seven years war, american revolution, war of 1812

2. Unit Overview • Course Questions: • What is the most significant factor that influenced the development of Canada throughout the 18th and 19th Centuries: land, politics or people? • What does it mean to “be Canadian”? • Unit Questions: • Who or what had the most significant impact on the development of Canada as a country? • What elements of continuity and change exist in the sources of conflict and agreement in Canadian society?

3. PRE-CONFEDERATION: Last class’sTAKE HOME MESSAGE:WHO HAD INFLUENCE IN PRE-CONFEDERATION CANADA? TO WHAT DEGREE DOES THAT INFLUNCE PERSIST TODAY?

4. PRE-CONFEDERATION: formal conflicts Today’s TAKE HOME MESSAGE:who were the key leaders of formal conflicts and what leadership characteristics did they rely upon for their success?

5. PRE-CONFEDERATION: formal conflicts • Seven Year’s War • Global in Scope • Winners and Losers • Significance to Canada: Acadian Expulsion, Battle of the Plains of Abraham, Chief Tecumseh, British dominance • American Revolution • The intolerable acts • Should we (Nova Scotia and Quebec) stay or should we go? • Significance to Canada: Loyalist immigration, Last (British) Man Standing in North America • War of 1812 • A satellite war of America vs. Britain 2.0 • “Indian” threat • Significance to Canada: Only armed conflict between US and Canada, Chief Tecumseh How can these formal conflicts serve as study of LEADERSHIP?

6. PRE-CONFEDERATION: formal conflicts • Seven Year’s War (1756-1763) • See page 3 in Our Land • North America was…. • “Just a few acres of snow.”– Voltaire– and yet… • Resource rich • Unchartered territory (literally) • A battle ground • French vs. English • European vs. Indigenous • Canada vs. English • Canada vs. USA Causes of the Ultimate French/British Rivalry: Resources (especially fur, particularly the Ohio River Valley) Pride A larger conflict in Europe

7. PRE-CONFEDERATION: formal conflicts • Seven Year’s War (1756-1763) • War was global in scope and is referred to by different names in the various conflict areas (theatres of war) • French and Indian War (United States) • Seven Years War (Canada) • Pomeranian War (Sweden and Prussia) • Third Silesian War (Prussia and Austria) • The conflict in North America can be considered a satellite war of the European English/French conflicts. • French Strategy: Full-out victory in Europe • English Strategy: Focused victory in the colonies, especially North America

8. PRE-CONFEDERATION: formal conflicts Death of General Wolfe 1770 Benjamin West

9. PRE-CONFEDERATION: formal conflicts Portrait of Major-General James Wolfe (c 1760) Joseph Highmore

10. PRE-CONFEDERATION: formal conflicts Louis-Joseph de Montcalm(c 1700) Sergent-Marceau

11. PRE-CONFEDERATION: formal conflicts • Seven Year’s War (1756-1763) • Significance: • #1 Le Grand Derangement… The Acadian Expulsion • #2 Battle of the Plains of Abraham …The British Dominance in/of Canada • #3 First concerted allegiance of First Nations with the Mohawk, Abenaki, Huron and Onondaga forming the Seven Nations of Canada in support of France/New France against the British.

12. PRE-CONFEDERATION: formal conflicts • The American Revolution () • See page 8 in Our Land • Thirteen Colonies are resentful… rebellious… revolutionaries. Why?

13. PRE-CONFEDERATION: formal conflicts • The American Revolution () • See page 8 in Our Land • Thirteen Colonies are resentful… rebellious… revolutionaries. Why? • Seven Years War was a financial disaster for France and Britain • Britain 14 million pounds in debt • 300,000 pounds per year to defend BNA (France is gone but Spanish in Louisiana) • Attempts to raise taxes to cover this amount and conflict over how to administer Quebec leads to unrest in the Thirteen Colonies.

14. “No Taxation without representation”

15. PRE-CONFEDERATION: formal conflicts • War of 1812 • See page 16-19 • A war between the new United States of America and Britain because of 1) Napoleonic Wars in Europe and the 2) “Indian Wars” in the western US territories. • 1) Napoleonic Wars… • America traded with both England and France during the war • England responded by increased harassment and search of American trading ships. • Eventually a stalemate in Europe freed British soldiers who were relocated to North America to put an end to the fight in 1814. • 2) “Indian” Wars… • Louisiana Purchase encouraged expansion of West of American Settlers • Ran into resistance from First Nations • Britain allegedly provided assistance to First Nations against the Americans • War Hawks lead the fight to declare war on Britain over this

16. PRE-CONFEDERATION: formal conflicts War of 1812

17. PRE-CONFEDERATION: formal conflicts War of 1812

18. PRE-CONFEDERATION: formal conflicts • War of 1812 • See page 18 for map of battle sights • Significance: • Lower Canadians resisted the American “liberators”, unlike their indifference during the American Revolution. • Showed how difficult and costly it was for Britain to continue to support the Canadian colonies. • Difference between Upper Canada (fought as British subjects for Britain) and Lower Canada (fought as Canadiens to defend their homes).

19. PRE-CONFEDERATION: formal conflicts Leadership in War What qualities makes a great leader? If you were to follow someone into battle, what are the three most important qualities from the list above?

20. PRE-CONFEDERATION: formal conflicts Leadership in War 3. What do you know about Canada and war? 4. Who are some people regarded as Canadian war “heroes”?

21. PRE-CONFEDERATION: formal conflicts Leadership in War Tecumseh- Collect the information sheet and questions on Chief Tecumseh and complete the activities. Laura Secord- Collect the information sheet and questions on Laura Secord and complete the activities. Winner or Loser?- Collect the questions and visit this website http://www.canadiangeographic.ca/atlas/themes.aspx?id=warof1812&sub=warof1812_basics_outcomes&lang=En and complete the activities.