Commissionerate of Collegiate Education, AP

1. Commissionerate of Collegiate Education, AP • Trade and Aids to Trade • Presented by • Dr.B. P. Narasa Reddy • Lecturer in Commerce • Govt.College(A), • Rajahmundry, East Godavari Dt.

2. Commissionerate of Collegiate Education, AP Subject : Commerce Paper : BOM Trade and Aids to Trade

3. Commissionerate of Collegiate Education • Topics to be covered • Business • Industry • Commerce • (Trade and Aids to Trade)

4. Commissionerate of Collegiate Education • Business is an economic activity • It is involving production, exchange, • distribution and sale of goods and • service • An objective of making profits. • Business (y«bÍsÁeTT) .

5. Commissionerate of Collegiate Education • Business creates utilities by • producing and selling goods and • services • to satisfy human wants. • Time, place, and possession of value are • created by business enterprises.

6. Commissionerate of Collegiate Education Business Industry Commerce Production of Goods and Services Exchange and Distribution of Goods and services

7. Commissionerate of Collegiate Education COMMERCE Trading Aids to Trade Buying and Selling of Goods and Services Distribution of Goods and services (Helping to trade)

8. Commissionerate of Collegiate Education TRADE Domestic Trade Foreign Trade Buying and Selling of goods and services within the national borders Export and Import of goods and services beyond the national boundaries

9. Commissionerate of Collegiate Education Types of Trade Domestic Trade Foreign Trade • Export • Import • EntrepotTrade • (Re-Export trade) Wholesale trade Retail Trade

10. Commissionerate of Collegiate Education Aids to Trade • Auxiliaries to trade means those • services which smoothen the • flow of exchange between the • trader and the consumer; • by removing hindrances of place, • contact, time, risk, finance and • information

11. Commissionerate of Collegiate Education Aids to Trade (Cont) • it provides a means for the • distribution of goods to consumers; • it bridges the gap between the producer • and the consumer

12. Commissionerate of Collegiate Education Aids to Trade Transportation Communication Warehousing Insurance Banking and Finance Advertising Salesmanship

13. Transportation • Transport plays a very important • role in marketing and distribution • of goods • it helps in bring about stable and • uniform prices • in different markets at place • solves place difficulty Commissionerate of Collegiate Education

14. Commissionerate of Collegiate Education Transportation (cont) • Consumers have the benefit of getting • goods according to their Needs • Traders, producers and consumers living in • different parts of the world

15. Commissionerate of Collegiate Education Activities relating to Transport • Carrying • goods and passengers , • raw materials, live-stock • oil and gas through pipeline transport • carrying mail • Movement of raw materials and goods • within a factory.

16. Commissionerate of Collegiate Education Modes of Transport Water Air Land River Sea Airway Railway Road Canals

17. Modes of Transport

18. Commissionerate of Collegiate Education Warehousing • usually a time-lag between • production and consumption • an establishment for the storage of goods • It helps merchants and manufacturers

19. Commissionerate of Collegiate Education Warehousing • the facility of selling his goods • at favourable prices • to consume perishable goods • (cold storages) • Fruits, eggs and vegetables etc • removes hindrance of time and • creates time utility

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21. Commissionerate of Collegiate Education Communication • Facilitates transfer of information. • Can be in oral or in writing. • Means of communication remove the • hindrance of contact. • Letters, telephone etc. are means of • communication between parties.

23. Commissionerate of Collegiate Education Banking and Finance • Banks deal in money and credit. • They mobilise small savings and channelise • them to more productive uses. • By providing adequate funds to business • firms, • banks enable management to generate further • wealth for the good of society.

24. They facilitate settlement of debts and • transfer of money from one place to another. • banks also assist consumers to finance their purchases of costly goods and services

26. Commissionerate of Collegiate Education Banking and Finance solves the problem of finance

27. Commissionerate of Collegiate Education Insurance • Minimizes the risk • The owner of goods can be • covered for risk of loss • Risk’ is an unexpected happening • of some future event

29. Commissionerate of Collegiate Education Insurance • It protects business from losses which • may arise due to fire, theft, burglary, • etc. • it compensates for the loss to the • insured.

30. Life Insurance : old age and death • Fire Insurance : risk of loss or damage to property, goods and consequential losses caused by fire. • Marine Insurance : risk of loss or damage to ship or cargo. • General Insurance : • risk of loss or damage due to theft and burglary in a premises, • risk of loss or damage to properties and assets, and • risk of loss or damage due to accidents.

31. Commissionerate of Collegiate Education Fills the knowledge gap, creates awareness of the products and good brand image Advertising

32. Salesmanship • facilitates personal selling. • They convince and persuade the buyers to buy goods

33. Mercantile Agents • Acts as intermediaries between the buyer and seller

34. Commissionerate of Collegiate Education

35. Commissionerate of Collegiate Education THANK YOU