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Practical Test Standards (including light sport) Mel Burkart, MCFI

Understand the Practical Test Standards for glider pilots, including operation areas, tasks, and objectives. Learn how to prepare and demonstrate competency during practical tests. Emphasizes critical safety procedures.

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Practical Test Standards (including light sport) Mel Burkart, MCFI

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  1. Practical Test Standards (including light sport) Mel Burkart, MCFI

  2. PTS - Practical Test Standards • PTS downloaded from SSF website –http://www.soaringsafety.org • Select Publications • Select PTS • FAA Website - http://www.faa.gov/education_research/testing/airmen/test_standards/index.cfm?print=go • Google “FAA Practical Test Standards”

  3. PTS Presentation • First – This Presentation of PTS based upon • Private Pilot Glider, April 1999. • (most current edition - update likely soon) • Secondly – review of the changes to • Commercial Pilot Glider (2006), and • CFIG Glider PTS (2006) • Note: all practical tests will be conducted using the updated standard after the effective date of the update • – the updated Commercial and CFIG are already in effect. • PTS for sport pilot and sport pilot instructor -http://www.faa.gov/education_research/testing/airmen/test_standards/pilot/media/faa-s-8081-29.pdf

  4. What are Practical Test Standards? • Standards used by FAA examiners when conducting glider pilot practical tests. • Standards used by Flight instructors when preparing applicants for practical tests. • Standards used byApplicantsthatestablish criteria to achieve during their training for a rating. • Every part of the PTS is mandatory – no part is optional.

  5. Where do the PTS come from? • FAR Part 61 specifies the areas in which knowledge and skill are require to be demonstrated by a practical test applicant. • What do the PTS contain? • AREAS OF OPERATION – arranged in logical sequence • Preflight Preparation, thru Postflight Procedures. • TASKS in which pilot competency is required to be demonstrated.

  6. Preflight preparation. Preflight procedures. Airport and gliderport operations . Launches & landings.- Aero tow, ground tow (auto and winch), and self-launch. Stalls. Performance airspeeds Soaring techniques. Performance maneuvers. Navigation. Slow flight and Emergency operations. Postflight procedures. What are the AREAS OF OPERATION?

  7. Definition of TASK • TASK – a segment of an Area of Operation. • Tasks are knowledge areas, flight procedures, or maneuvers appropriate to an AREA OF OPERATION. Note: The examiner is not required to follow the precise order in which the AREAS OF OPERATION and TASKS are set out, so long as the result is a complete and efficient test. Note: TASKS with similar OBJECTIVES may be combined to give an orderly and efficient flow for the test. • Example - Boxing The Wake may be combined with Maintaining Tow Positions.

  8. Examples of TASKS? • Area of Operation • I. PREFLIGHT PREPARATION. • Tasks – • A. Certificates and Documents. • B. Weather Information.. • C. Operation of Systems. • D. Performance and Limitations. • E. Aeromedical Factors.

  9. Examples of TASKS? • Area of Operation • IX. SLOW FLIGHT AND STALLS • Tasks - • A. Maneuvering at Minimum Control Airspeed • B. Stall Recognition and Recovery

  10. What is an OBJECTIVE? • The OBJECTIVE lists the important elements that must be satisfactorily performed to demonstrate competency in a TASK. • The OBJECTIVE includes: 1. Specifically what the applicant should be able to do. 2. Conditions under which the TASK is to be performed. 3. Acceptable performance standards. • NOTE is used to emphasize special considerations required in the AREA OF OPERATION or TASK.

  11. AREA, TASK, OJECTIVE • IX. AREA OF OPERATION: • SLOW FLIGHT AND STALLS • A. TASK: • MANEUVERING AT MINIMUM CONTROL AIRSPEED •  REFERENCES: • Soaring Flight Manual, Glider Flight Manual. •  OBJECTIVE: To determine that the applicant: • Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to maneuvering at minimum control airspeed, including flight characteristics and controllability. 

  12. AREA, TASK, & OBJECTIVEcontinued • Establishes and maintains the airspeed at which any further increase in angle of attack or change in configurations would result in a stall in straight or turning flight in various configurations and bank angles. • Adjusts the airspeed to avoid stalls in turbulent air or as bank is increased. • Applies control inputs in a smooth and coordinated manner. • Uses proper procedures to avoid stalls when raising a lowered wing. • Maintains heading, ±10°, during straight flight, and the desired bank angle, ±10°, during turns.

  13. What are REFERENCES? • References -identify the publicationsthat describe(s) the TASK. • 14 CFR part 43 Maintenance, Preventive Maintenance, Rebuilding, and Alteration • and 15 others, including the SSA Soaring Flight Manual (Jeppesen Sanderson) • Note: The References DO NOT include the new FAA Glider Flying Handbook.

  14. Special Emphasis • Examiners shall place special emphasis upon the operations that are most critical to flight safety. These include - • Precise aircraft control • Sound judgment in decision making • Stall/spin awareness • Wake turbulence avoidance • Low-level wind shear • Collision avoidance • Runway incursion avoidance • Checklist usage.

  15. Aircraft and Equipment Required for issuance of an unlimited rating • Must the glider have dual controls? • NO, if the examiner agrees.  • Must the glider be of US registry? • NO, if the examiner agrees. • Must the glider have a standard certificate? • NO, if the examiner agrees. • Must the glider have operating limitations that permit its use for all AREAS of OPERATION set out in the PTS? • YES.

  16. Flight Instructor Responsibility • The flight instructor is responsible for training the applicant to acceptable standards of knowledgeand skill in ALL subject matter areas, procedures, and maneuvers included in every TASK within each AREA OF OPERATION – no exceptions. • Throughout the applicant's training, the flight instructor is responsible for emphasizing the performance of effective visual scanning and collision avoidance procedures.

  17. Examiner Responsibility • The examiner must determine whether the applicant meets the acceptable standards of knowledge and skill. • There is no formal division between the “oral” and “skill” portions of the practical test. • Oral questioning, to determine knowledge of TASKS and related safety factors, may be used at all times, especially during the flight portion of the practical test. • During the flight portion, the examiner shallevaluate the applicant’s use of visual scanning and collision avoidance procedures.

  18. Use of Distractions During Practical Tests • To evaluate ability when attention is divided, the examiner SHALL cause realistic distractions during the test. Examples of distractions might include – • Identifying a field suitable for an emergency landing. • Identifying features or objects on the ground. • Removing objects from stowage. • Simulating radio tuning and communications. • Questioning by the examiner.

  19. Satisfactory Performance • Satisfactory performance is based on the applicant’s ability to safely: • Perform the TASKS specified in the AREAS OF OPERATION within the approved standards; • Demonstrate mastery of the aircraft with the successful outcome of each TASK performed never seriously in doubt; • Demonstrate satisfactory proficiency and competency within the approved standards; and • Demonstrate sound judgment.

  20. Unsatisfactory Performance • If the applicant does not meet the standards required for a TASK, the associated AREA OF OPERATIONis failed and the practical test is failed. • If the test is discontinued, credit will be given only for the AREAS OF OPERATION and TASKS satisfactorily performed. During the retest any TASK may be reevaluated, including those previously passed.

  21. Unsatisfactory Performance • Typical areas of unsatisfactory performance and grounds for disqualification are: • Any action or lack of action that requires corrective intervention by the examiner to maintain safe flight. • Failure to use proper and effective visual scanning techniques to clear the area before and while performing maneuvers. • Consistently exceeding tolerances stated in the Objectives. • Failure to take prompt corrective action when tolerances are exceeded.

  22. Applicant's Use of Checklists • Throughout the test, the applicant is evaluated on the use of an appropriate checklist. Proper use is dependent on the specific TASK being evaluated. • Must the applicant always read off from a written checklist? • NO – written checklists should be used only where appropriate.

  23. Applicant's Use of Checklists • Examples of where use of a written checklist is appropriate are – • Pre-flight checklist • Critical Assembly checklist • Pre-takeoff checklist.

  24. Applicant's Use of Checklists • Examples of where use of a written checklist is not appropriate are – • Pre-maneuvering checklist • Pre-landing checklist • Where use of a written checklist is not appropriate, the applicant must learn the list by rote, and repeat verbally.

  25. Applicant Prerequisites • Meet age and speak-English requirements. • Passed knowledge test within preceding 24 months and present test report. • Hold at least student pilot certificate. • Satisfactorily accomplished ALL required ground and flight training and aeronautical experience including 3 flights with CFIG within preceding 60 days. • Have required logbook endorsements. • Present completed application (Form 8710-1).

  26. Lastly • Note the repeated references, and importance given, to effective visual scanning and collision avoidance procedures.

  27. Now What’s New(continued) • Updated list of applicable publications – includes the FAA Glider Flying Handbook • Abbreviation section added • “Plan of action” explained in more detail, including requirement to use ‘scenarios’ • Additional Special Emphasis items • Enhanced requirement for evaluation of applicant’s Aeronautical Decision Making and Risk Management skills • Explanation of testing of ‘Single-Pilot Resource Management”

  28. Now What’s New(continued) • New SPECIAL EMPHASIS areas include – • Positive aircraft control • Positive exchange of flight controls procedure • LAHSO • CFIT • ADM and Risk Management • TFRs and SUAs • Aviation Security

  29. Now What’s New(continued) • Additional Task – Airworthiness Requirements; • Performance and Limitations • Examiner must evaluate ability, throughout the test, use of good decision making procedures in order to evaluate risks • Single-Pilot Resource Management – use of ALL available resources – human resources, hardware and information • What else? • Go and READ the new PTS! http://www.faa.gov/education_research/testing/airmen/test_standards/index.cfm?print=go

  30. Practical Test Standards Questions?

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