America in the World

1. America in the World

2. Group Question • Are drones a security or a threat to our society? • In your groups, use the question on the poster to ask MORE questions. For instance, you can write down “What is a drone?” • Switch groups. Compare their questions to yours. What are the similarities and differences? Continue brainstorming by writing MORE questions on this group’s poster.

3. Class Discussion • What are some examples from each group? • Further questions: • How should the U.S. balance priorities at home with national interests abroad? • What should be our relationship with the international community? • When is the use of force justified? • How does the world work? Do international affairs revolve around a contest between good and evil in which our foreign policy decisions should be seen as moral choices?

4. Unit: America in the World • What will we learn? • Global context in which America began and developed • Influence of America on the world today • A story of competition between peoples, territories, and resources • How military actions have affected the world and society

5. Historical Periods EQ: Under what conditions is the use of power regarded as legitimate or illegitimate, lawful or unlawful, right or wrong? • Period 1: Three Societies on the Verge of Change • Period 2: Contact and Settlement • Period 3: Securing the New Nation • Period 4: Baby America (Waa!) • Period 5: The Civil War and Reunion (Sheesh, teenagers!) • Period 6: An Age of Industry • Period 7: The U.S. Looks Overseas • Period 8: Crisis in Domestic and Foreign Policies • Period 9: Moving Toward the Future (Are we there yet?!)

6. Period 1 (1491-1607)Three Societies on the Verge of Change CRASH COURSE!!!!

7. Period 1 (1491-1607)Three Societies on the Verge of Change • North America before contact with Europeans

8. And then… • Is if fair to judge explorers based on present-day values? • Vocab word: presentism

9. Effects • Contact in the Americas with the peoples of Europe and later, West Africans (slaves), helped create a “New World.” • Columbian Exchange • p. 22 in your textbook • Millions of native peoples died • Spain would become one of the world’s wealthiest nations. Why? • At first, they brought 4,000 Africans to the Caribbean Islands as slaves. By mid 1500s, they were shipping about 2,000 enslaved Africans to Hispaniola each year!

10. Effects • International Competition • Everyone was jealous of Spain’s awesomeness! • Countries like France and Great Britain decided they deserved a piece of the pie • Cabot: explored Newfoundland (Canada) and Chesapeake (1498). But his boat mysteriously disappeared. • Cabot’s voyages encouraged France and Holland to finance explorations for the “Northwest Passage.”

11. So who cares? What’s the point? • Europeans competed for trade routes and for control of lands in North America. They staked claims there for the first time. This is the beginning of our nation’s history! DQ: Was colonialism “morally right?”

12. Homework • Historical Timeline • You will need textbook Chapters 1, Sections 1-5. • While your timeline is not due tomorrow, you will need to know the information for tomorrow’s lesson. I will be “checking” it off.

13. Period 1 (1491-1607)Three Societies on the Verge of Change CRASH COURSE continued!!!!

14. The “New World” • DANGER AT SEA • When Europeans first voyaged across the Atlantic, they had no idea what they would find • Tales of oceans filled with dragons • Violent storms • Getting lost • Piracy & starvation

15. The “New World” • New Navigational Tools • Made these dangers less likely • Sextant How might these new navigational tools help drive international trade between Europe and the Americas?

16. Exploration of the Americas • Causes? • Europeans search for trade routes to Asia • International competition (build empires, gain wealth) • Hope of riches and glory • Europeans want to convert native to Christianity • Effects? • Columbian Exchange • Advantages/disadvantages for natives? • Advantages/disadvantages for Europeans? • Spain becomes the wealthiest empire in the world. Let’s take a look…

17. Colonizing Spanish America • Encomiendas • How were natives treated under this system? • Spanish empire needed natives for labor, so the Spanish government gave settlers huge tracts of land to start mines, ranches, and plantations, and the right to demand labor and taxes from the Native Americans. • Natives were forced to work in gold and silver mines • Many died when the tunnels caved in

18. Colonizing Spanish America • Religious Conversions • Spanish believed they had a duty to convert Native Americans to Christianity • Spanish set up missions (religious settlements) run by Catholic priests • Present-day San Francisco, San Diego, San Antonio

19. Colonizing Spanish America • Trade in Humans (p. 114 of Prentice Hall) • Death toll for native labors begins to rise and the Spanish look across the Atlantic for new sources of labor • Spanish (and Portuguese) were the first to bring slaves to the Americas • 1517, brought 4,000 Africans to the Caribbean • Mid 1500s, shipping about 2,000 African slaves each year to Hispaniola alone (we will explore the growing slave trade later)

20. Colonizing Spanish America • Society in the Spanish Colonies • A rigid social system based on birthplace and ethnic group developed • This rigid system allowed Spain to keep control of the Americas for nearly 300 years! Peninsulares – At the top Spanish colonists who were born in Spain (almost all government officials came from this class) Creoles Colonists born in the Americas of two Spanish parents (many wealthy plantation owners and merchants) Mestizos People of Spanish and Indian heritage (could achieve economic success as ranchers, farmers, or merchants but it was impossible for them to become “upper class.”) Mulattos People of Spanish and African heritage Native Americans and Africans at very bottom of the social ladder

21. So who cares? What’s the point? Spanish exploration and conquest of the Americas led to racially mixed populations and a class system defined by an intermixture among Spanish settlers, Africans, and Native Americans. It’s the beginning of our story as a diverse nation, with a complicated history.

22. The Middle Passage http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yvhKeJ6m3rY