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Information Processing Systems

Information Processing Systems. A Cognitive Learning Model. Cognitive Learning. Differs greatly from Behavioral views Important mental processes do in fact exist Those mental processes can be studied scientifically Humans can actively participate in their cognitive processes

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Information Processing Systems

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  1. Information Processing Systems A Cognitive Learning Model

  2. Cognitive Learning • Differs greatly from Behavioral views • Important mental processes do in fact exist • Those mental processes can be studied scientifically • Humans can actively participate in their cognitive processes • Consequences are taken as feedback • Transformation & Revision of existing knowledge • No single model for cognitive learning exists

  3. Cognitive Learning • Types of Cognitive Learning • Declarative • “Knowing that_____” • Facts, generalities, personal preferences, rules, etc. • Huge amounts of information • Procedural • “Knowing how to ______” • Knowledge in action • Science Lab, Essay, Ceramic pot. • Conditional • “Knowing when & why______” • Application to a particular context • Choosing the right procedure to solve a problem

  4. Information Processing Model • Sensory Memory • Capacity: amount in this stage of memory • HUGE! • Bombarded with sensory input all the time • Duration: how long it stays • 1 – 3 seconds • Flashbulb • Content: items in storage • Representations of the original stimulus • Flashbulb shaped floating blue dot

  5. Information Processing Model • Sensory Memory • Perception • Attaching meaning to a given stimulus in a purely unique way. • Fritz Perls • Gestalt Theory (overhead) • Completion, Pattern, Configuration • Figure – Ground • Closure

  6. Information Processing Model • Sensory Memory • Processing Style* • Bottom – Up • Feature Analysis • Sees all the details first • Big picture is challenging • Can’t see the forest because the trees are in the way • Typical Careers of Bottom – Up processors? • Accountants? • Mechanics? • Engineers?

  7. Information Processing Model • Sensory Memory • Processing Style* • Top – Down • Pattern recognition • Sees the big picture immediately • Details are challenging • “I don’t know how! I just know!” • Typical careers of a Top – Down processor? • Salespeople? • Leadership? • Artists?

  8. Information Processing Model • Working Memory • Capacity • 5 – 9 items • Phone Number?, Social Security?, Student Id? • Duration • 5 – 20 seconds • Why do you take notes? • Content • Digits, Meanings, Musical Notes, Images, Letters, etc.

  9. Information Processing Model • Maintenance Activities • Rehearsal • Maintenance repetition • Repeating her phone number until you can enter it onto your cell. • Elaboration • Attaching a significant story to the items • GZL-091 • Chunking • Reducing the number of items in Working Memory by combining them.

  10. Information Processing Model • Forgetting • Interference • New & existing knowledge gets confused or merged • “Dang! His name begins with ‘D.’ David? Dan? Don?” • Decay • Knowledge that is not used is eventually lost • Use it or Loose it! • Forgetting as a positive? • Helps to make cognitive processes efficient

  11. Information Processing Model • Long-term Memory • Capacity • Virtually unlimited • Excluding any physical trauma or disease affecting the brain • Duration • Virtually Unlimited • Excluding any physical trauma or disease affecting the brain • Content • Networks of meanings, episodes, procedures, schemata, etc.

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