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Age of Religious Wars

Age of Religious Wars. Catholic Reformation. Protestant Reformation. Belief that religion and politics go together. Religious Wars in Europe. Holy Roman Empire= 300 independent states. Germany 1521-1555. Holy Roman Emperor (HRE) outlawed…Lutheranism, but couldn’t enforce this.

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Age of Religious Wars

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  1. Age of Religious Wars

  2. Catholic Reformation Protestant Reformation Belief that religion and politics go together Religious Wars in Europe

  3. Holy Roman Empire= 300 independent states Germany 1521-1555 Holy Roman Emperor (HRE) outlawed…Lutheranism, but couldn’t enforce this German princes trying to keep power and remain independent Busy fighting enemies (like Ottoman Turks) $ Problems: needed help from princes to pay armies Princes in N. Germany convert to Lutheranism, ending authority of Pope in their states Hapsburgs (royal family of HRE) support Catholic Church V.

  4. War breaks out in 1546 Peace of Augsburg 1555: Each German prince has the right to choose Catholic or Lutheran as the religion for his state Tensions Rise 1000s of Protestant refugees fled to Netherlands, France, and England (spreading Protestantism to these lands) Holy Roman Emperor Charles V abdicates the throne to son (Philip II of Spain) and his brother (Ferdinand II of Austria) Calvinism spreads

  5. France 1562-1598 French Protestant minority (Huguenots) Catholic majority V. 8 Wars and Massacres St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre Catherine de Medicis (daughter’s wedding) Paris Catholics attack and kill Huguenots in Paris for wedding of Henry Duke of Navarre. 3000 men, women, and children killed in Paris, 1000s more throughout France

  6. Assassination of Henry III Henry, Duke of Navarre, becomes King of France (Henry IV): a Huguenot king! Converts to Catholicism “Paris is worth a mass!” Issued Edict of Nantes: guaranteed Huguenots religious freedom France accepts absolute monarchy because they are tired of religious wars Edict of Nantes is revoked by Louis XIII

  7. Cardinal Richelieu • Louis XIII appointed a strong minister as his advisor • Cardinal Richelieu- began systematic attacks on Huguenots and weaked noble power. • War against Hapsburg rule Thirty Years War • The efforts and steps taken by Cardinal Richelieu and Louis XIII to strengthen France paved the way for most powerful ruler in French History, Louis XIV… to be continued.

  8. Thirty Years War • Conflict over religion, territory and for power among Europe’s ruling families. 4 phases: • Peace of Westphalia- negotiations over several years the Bohemian Revolt (1618-1623), the Danish Intervention (1625-1629), the Swedish Intervention (1630-1635), and the French Intervention (1635-1648).

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