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Religious Wars

Religious Wars. Revolt of the Netherlands French Civil Wars. Spanish Golden Age. New World Riches Increased Population Efficient Bureaucracy and Military Supremacy in Mediterranean Contained Turks, Battle of Lepanto, 1571 Hapsburgs & Catholicism. Pillars of Spanish Power.

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Religious Wars

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  1. Religious Wars Revolt of the Netherlands French Civil Wars

  2. Spanish Golden Age

  3. New World Riches Increased Population Efficient Bureaucracy and Military Supremacy in Mediterranean Contained Turks, Battle of Lepanto, 1571 Hapsburgs & Catholicism Pillars of Spanish Power

  4. Factors in Dispute with Netherlands • Commercial strength of Netherlands • Competition with England • Elizabeth I • Politique—theology below political unity • Religious Differences

  5. Milch Cow Philip II Elizabeth I King of France William of Orange

  6. Key Terms and People Duke of Alba and the Council of Troubles—reigned over Spain.

  7. Key Terms and People Spanish fury—mercenaries ran amok in Antwerp, Nov 4, 1576. 7000 dead in the streets.

  8. Calvinist Iconoclasm, 1566

  9. Outcomes • Pacification of Ghent—10 southern Catholic provinces [roughly Belgium] + 7 northern Protestant provinces [Netherlands], Nov 8, 1576 • Spanish withdraw, February 1577 • Leadership of William of Orange • Temporary: South will withdraw and realign with Spain as part of the Counter-Reformation, 1579. OUTLAW! HEATHEN TYRANT!

  10. FRENCH CIVIL WARS 1562-1598

  11. COMPETING FOR ROYAL POWER

  12. HUGUENOTS • CALVINIST • MOSTLY TOWNSPEOPLE • IMPORTANCE • MAJORITY IN 2 ECONOMICALLY IMPORTANT GEOGRAPHIC AREAS • MANY POWERFUL (2/5 ARISTOCRATS) • SOUGHT POWER THROUGH BOTH RELIGION AND MILITARY

  13. 2 POWERFUL WOMEN CATHERINE DE MEDICIS JEANNE D’ALBRET

  14. RELIGIOUS MASSACRES DUKE OF GUISE, MARCH 1562 ST BARTHOLOMEW’S DAY MASSACRE 1572

  15. HENRY OF NAVARRE • REIGNED 1589-1610 • POLITIQUE • “PARIS IS WORTH A MASS.” • “A CHICKEN IN EVERY PEASANT’S POT EVERY SUNDAY” • EDICT OF NANTES, 1598 • Some freedoms to Huguenots • Public worship • Hold offices • Right to assembly • Mostly within towns

  16. England and Spain Reformation v. Counter Reformation

  17. Tudors

  18. Mary inherited throne in 1553 • Married 1554, before he was king • Unpopular marriage in England • Execution of Protestants (287 burned at the stake) Mary & Philip II

  19. Defeat of Spanish Armada, 1588 England Supreme Navy

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