Confucius and Community

1. Confucius and Community 孔子與社區 How did Confucianism create a harmonious society? 儒家如何創造和諧社區?

2. Life and Times of Confucius • Confucius or Kung Fu-tzu, who probably lived from 551 BCE-479 BCE, was most likely born in the state of Lu, now part of Shandong province, in China. 5A PPT Confucianism

3. Life and Times of Confucius 孔子生活的時代 • 魯國人(今中國山東省) • 生卒 551BCE-479 BCE（春秋時期） • 非常熟悉古禮 • 周遊列國十四年 • 主張恢復周禮 • 主張實行仁政 • 主張未被採用 5A PPT Confucianism

4. Should have pinyin 孔子的貢獻 • 思想家 • 　　主張仁義 • 　　提倡禮樂 • 　　德治教化　　 • 教育家 • 　　興辦私學 • 　　有教無類 5A PPT Confucianism

5. Confucianism: what is it? • Confucianism is an ethical system • 人與人之間的關係. 在中國一直稱為“人倫“倫”就是“秩序 • (Ethics deal with human behavior and conduct.) • Confucius was mainly concerned with how human beings behaved toward each other. 人與人之間應注重和諧的關係. • 人與人之間應注重和諧的關係 • *道德規範：注重自身修養 • He developed a system we call Confucianism • 儒　=本為一種職業，負責貴族喪事贊禮 5A PPT Confucianism

6. Purpose of this Slide pinyin? 孔子的形象的形象 5A PPT Confucianism

7. What are the main believes of Confucius? • Confucius believed that people, because of their nature, desire to live in the company of other people, that is, in a community . 5A PPT Confucianism

8. What are the main believes of Confucius? • It is only in a community that people reach their fullest development. 5A PPT Confucianism

9. What are the main believes of Confucius? • Therefore, it is important for people to know how to behave in a community, that is, in their relations with other people. 5A PPT Confucianism

10. 五倫 The Five Basic Relationships to keep order and harmony • 孔子認為， • 每個人在社會中都有他的特定的身分地位, each person had a specific place in a community/society • 因此就要屢行必然的責任義務. certain responsibilities and duties to fulfill. 5A PPT Confucianism

11. The Five Basic Relationships • 孔子希望，每個人都知道他在社會中的身分地位，從而有合宜的行為舉止． Confucius hoped that if people knew their place and their duties they would behave correctly. 5A PPT Confucianism

12. The Five Basic Relationships Pinyin plse 君臣有義= ruler subjext 父子有親= father child 夫婦有別= husband wife 兄弟有序= elder younger brother 朋友有信=friends friends －－孟子的總結 • Therefore, he set up five principalrelationships in which most people are involved. • These give people their place and their duties 5A PPT Confucianism

13. 五倫之一：君臣Five Relationships: No 1 ruler and subject: • the ruler must be good to set a proper example for his subjects/people • the ruler must treat the subjects/people well, • the subjects must obey the ruler 5A PPT Confucianism

14. 五倫之一：君臣Five Relationships: No 1 ruler and subject: • 君臣有義 • 　　君仁臣忠 • 君仁－－就是作為君王的應該替臣民著想 • 臣忠－－就是作為臣民的應該忠於君王，忠於本分、忠於職責 5A PPT Confucianism

15. 五倫之二：父子Five Relationships No 2 parent child • The basis of the relationship between children and their parents is filial piety= 孝 xiao. • children will demonstrate devotion and dedication to their parents in both thought and actions. • Parents must care for their children and show ‘benevolence’ 5A PPT Confucianism

16. 五倫之二：父子Five Relationships No 2 parent child • 父子有親= • 　　父慈子孝 • 父慈－－父母對孩子慈愛=，表現為對孩子的管教和愛心 • 子孝－－孩子對父母孝順= • ，表現在思想和行為上的順從 5A PPT Confucianism

17. 五倫之四：夫婦Five Relationships No 4 husband and wife • The husbands ’s role is to protect his wife . To be good to her and to care for her • while the wife’s role is to serve her husband • "A woman's duties are to cook the five grains, heat the wine, look after her parents-in-law, make clothes, and that is all!.” • " A woman's duty is not to control or take charge." 5A PPT Confucianism

18. 五倫之四：夫婦Five Relationships No 4 husband and wife • 夫婦有別 • 　　夫義婦順 • 夫義－－丈夫是家庭的表率，保護妻子，尊重老人，教導孩子． • 婦順－－妻子是家庭的輔助，順從丈夫，孝順公婆，養育孩子 5A PPT Confucianism

19. 五倫之三：兄弟Five Relationships No 3 elder brother and younger brother • the elder brother must take care of his younger brother • the younger brother must give respect to his older brother. 5A PPT Confucianism

20. 五倫之三：兄弟Five Relationships No 3 elder brother and younger brother • 兄弟有序 • 　　兄友弟恭 • 兄友－－年長的應該對年幼的友愛，保護 • 弟恭－－年幼的應該對年長的恭敬，尊重 5A PPT Confucianism

21. Why is family important? Needs pinyin • 五倫中的家庭關係父子，夫婦，兄弟 • Confucius placed great importance on the family. Family life was seen as a training ground for life in the community. • It is at home in the family that the child learns to deal with problems that he or she will face later in the world. • 孔子很重視家庭關係的和諧． • 孔子認為家庭和諧才能社會和諧 • 修身，齊家，治國，平天下 5A PPT Confucianism

22. 五倫之五：朋友Five Relationships No 5 friend and friend. • Friendship is different.. friendship is voluntary. there is no requirement that one makes friends • but • Friends well chosen could improve one's morality, Having a good friend should make one a better son, brother, or subject 5A PPT Confucianism

23. 五倫之五：朋友Five Relationships No 5 friend and friend. • 孔子認為，交正直, 可信賴, 見多識廣的朋友,是有益處的． • 朋友關係應該 • 誠實，有信用 • 有共同的志向 • 共同追求仁愛 Pinyin plse at least for key words 5A PPT Confucianism

24. Five Relationships • Four of the relationships involve the authority of a higher person over a lower one. • Each person has to give obedience and respect to "superiors"; • for example • the subject to his ruler, the wife to her husband, the son to his parents, and the younger brother to the older brother. • The "superior," however, owes loving responsibilityto the lower person/ inferior. 5A PPT Confucianism

25. How to behave ?五倫－五常 • 倫－－人際次序 • 常－－常行之道 • 五常之道有仁、義、禮、智、信。 • 根據儒家的倫理思想，一個家庭裡的父、母、兒、女、兄、弟等，有其上下的差別， • 各人應在其立場上履行應盡之道，依據它，才能保持家庭的秩序。 • 仁、義、禮、智、信五常之道，從家族的關係遍及所有社會的人群，而「仁」更是普及於動物。 5A PPT Confucianism

26. What characteristics should people demonstrate?行為規範? • 仁 Ren = benevolence • 仁慈的態度，善行 • 義Yi =respectfulness • 克盡本分，正直忠心 • 禮Li =correct behavior • 心態平和，言行得當 • 智Zhi = wisdom • 知識，智慧 • 信Xin = faith • 忠誠，言而有信 5A PPT Confucianism

27. What characteristics should people demonstrate?由己及人 • 孝Xiao • 子女對父母的絕對服從 • 百行孝為先－－養，敬，順 • 孔子認為 • 孝是為人的根本，也是為政的根本 • 孟子提出 • 老吾老以及人之老，幼吾幼以及人之幼 5A PPT Confucianism

28. Confucianism and community Needs pinyin • How, according to Confucius ,is a harmonious community achieved? • 根據孔子的思想，如何能夠建立和諧社區 • How would Confucius explain conflicts in a community? • 孔子如何解決社區中的衝突? 5A PPT Confucianism