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FC.111 THE BIRTH OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION IN BRITAIN (c.1750)

a. FC.111 THE BIRTH OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION IN BRITAIN (c.1750). Eng Rev-> triumph of?. a. FC.111 THE BIRTH OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION IN BRITAIN (c.1750). Triumph of rich middle class willing & able to invest in new business & tech. (FC.96). New tech. dev. In Britain? . a.

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FC.111 THE BIRTH OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION IN BRITAIN (c.1750)

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  1. a FC.111 THE BIRTH OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION IN BRITAIN (c.1750) Eng Rev-> triumph of?

  2. a FC.111 THE BIRTH OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION IN BRITAIN (c.1750) Triumph of rich middle class willing & able to invest in new business & tech. (FC.96) New tech. dev. In Britain?

  3. a FC.111 THE BIRTH OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION IN BRITAIN (c.1750) Triumph of rich middle class willing & able to invest in new business & tech. (FC.96) Another important development? New agricultural tech’s (FC.109) New steam & textile tech. (FC.110))

  4. a FC.111 THE BIRTH OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION IN BRITAIN (c.1750) Population growth  Labor force & mkts for goods Its importance? Triumph of rich middle class willing & able to invest in new business & tech. (FC.96) New agricultural tech’s (FC.109) New steam & textile tech. (FC.110))

  5. a FC.111 THE BIRTH OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION IN BRITAIN (c.1750) Population growth  Labor force & mkts for goods Develop transp. system: ships & canals Transporting goods? Triumph of rich middle class willing & able to invest in new business & tech. (FC.96) New agricultural tech’s (FC.109) New steam & textile tech. (FC.110))

  6. a FC.111 THE BIRTH OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION IN BRITAIN (c.1750) Population growth  Labor force & mkts for goods Develop transp. system: ships & canals Triumph of rich middle class willing & able to invest in new business & tech. (FC.96) New agricultural tech’s (FC.109) New steam & textile tech. (FC.110))

  7. Left: The Barton Aqueduct, built in 1769, and the Chirk Aqueduct, painted in 1802 by John Sell Cotman.

  8. Pontcysyllte Aqueduct, built in 1805

  9. Canal mania spread to America in the early 1800s. While the best known was the Erie Canal, there was a system of canals stretching 280 miles across Pennsylvania using locks, dams, tow paths, and railroads (for towing boats). Charles Dickens wrote an account of traveling on this canal in 1842. He described the crossing of the Allegheny Portage Railroad: "Occasionally the rails are laid upon the extreme verge of the giddy precipice and looking down from the carriage window, the traveler gazes sheer down without a stone or scrap of fence between into the mountain depths below,” Overall, he described his trip across Pennsylvania as "sufficiently disconcerting.” Such a cumbersome journey was still better than carrying goods on foot. Railroads eventually made such canals obsolete.

  10. Between the fall of the Roman Empire and the 1700s road conditions in Europe were abysmal. When it rained they could turn into a morass of mud. Otherwise they were full of potholes and ruts that were especially hazardous for passengers of stagecoaches with their high center of gravity, killing many of them in stagecoach flips.

  11. Then John McAdam (1756-1836), invented a new kind of roadbed with large stones on the bottom with layers of progressively smaller stones on top. The smallest stones could only be 1” in diameter, the idea being the wear and tear of traffic would pack them together, as opposed to larger stones that would crack. Typically they had no binding, but at sometimes tar would be used, thus giving rise to the term “tarmack”. Macadamized roads, as they would be called, drained well with drainage channels to the side. They were safe, and durable, vastly improving overland travel in Britain before the railroads. A cross-section of a Macadamized Road

  12. Typically, the tedious work of stone breaking for Macadamized roads was done by convicts, as portrayed in Gustave Courbet’s The Stonebreakers.

  13. Toll road stations. Since roadways were typically owned by private individuals or corporations, travelers had to pay tolls for their use.

  14. a FC.111 THE BIRTH OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION IN BRITAIN (c.1750) Population growth  Labor force & mkts for goods Resources for textile mills & markets for goods Develop transp. system: ships & canals Two types of things colonies provided Britain? Triumph of rich middle class willing & able to invest in new business & tech. (FC.96) Britain’s colonial empire (FC.96C) New agricultural tech’s (FC.109) New steam & textile tech. (FC.110))

  15. a FC.111 THE BIRTH OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION IN BRITAIN (c.1750) Population growth  Labor force & mkts for goods Resources for textile mills & markets for goods Develop transp. system: ships & canals Triumph of rich middle class willing & able to invest in new business & tech. (FC.96) Britain’s colonial empire (FC.96C) New agricultural tech’s (FC.109) New steam & textile tech. (FC.110))

  16. Eli Whitney, his cotton gin, and an ad showing another of his innovations, manufacturing guns with interchangeable parts

  17. a FC.111 THE BIRTH OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION IN BRITAIN (c.1750) Population growth  Labor force & mkts for goods Resources for textile mills & markets for goods Develop transp. system: ships & canals Triumph of rich middle class willing & able to invest in new business & tech. (FC.96) Britain’s colonial empire (FC.96C) New agricultural tech’s (FC.109) New steam & textile tech. (FC.110)) Bank of Eng?

  18. a FC.111 THE BIRTH OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION IN BRITAIN (c.1750) Population growth  Labor force & mkts for goods Resources for textile mills & markets for goods Develop transp. system: ships & canals Br’s geogr. advantages? Triumph of rich middle class willing & able to invest in new business & tech. (FC.96) Britain’s colonial empire (FC.96C) New agricultural tech’s (FC.109) New steam & textile tech. (FC.110)) Bank of Eng Money to invest (FC.96C)

  19. a FC.111 THE BIRTH OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION IN BRITAIN (c.1750) Population growth  Labor force & mkts for goods Resources for textile mills & markets for goods Develop transp. system: ships & canals Br’s excellent waterways & trade position Br’s natural resources? Triumph of rich middle class willing & able to invest in new business & tech. (FC.96) Britain’s colonial empire (FC.96C) New agricultural tech’s (FC.109) New steam & textile tech. (FC.110)) Bank of Eng Money to invest (FC.96C)

  20. a FC.111 THE BIRTH OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION IN BRITAIN (c.1750) Population growth  Labor force & mkts for goods Resources for textile mills & markets for goods Develop transp. system: ships & canals Large deposits of coal & iron in N. England Br’s excellent waterways & trade position Triumph of rich middle class willing & able to invest in new business & tech. (FC.96) Britain’s colonial empire (FC.96C) New agricultural tech’s (FC.109) New steam & textile tech. (FC.110)) Bank of Eng Money to invest (FC.96C)

  21. a FC.111 THE BIRTH OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION IN BRITAIN (c.1750) Population growth  Labor force & mkts for goods Resources for textile mills & markets for goods Develop transp. system: ships & canals Large deposits of coal & iron in N. England Br’s excellent waterways & trade position Triumph of rich middle class willing & able to invest in new business & tech. (FC.96) Britain’s colonial empire (FC.96C) New agricultural tech’s (FC.109) New steam & textile tech. (FC.110)) Bank of Eng Money to invest (FC.96C) Ind. Rev. starts in Britain, putting it well ahead of the rest of the world

  22. a FC.111 THE BIRTH OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION IN BRITAIN (c.1750) Population growth  Labor force & mkts for goods Resources for textile mills & markets for goods Develop transp. system: ships & canals Large deposits of coal & iron in N. England Br’s excellent waterways & trade position Triumph of rich middle class willing & able to invest in new business & tech. (FC.96) Britain’s colonial empire (FC.96C) New agricultural tech’s (FC.109) New steam & textile tech. (FC.110)) Bank of Eng Money to invest (FC.96C) Ind. Rev. starts in Britain, putting it well ahead of the rest of the world Steamships & RRs Tie continents & globe more tightly together (FC.112) Virtual explosion of new tech’s, esp. after creation of research labs (FC.117)

  23. a FC.111 THE BIRTH OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION IN BRITAIN (c.1750) Population growth  Labor force & mkts for goods Resources for textile mills & markets for goods Develop transp. system: ships & canals Large deposits of coal & iron in N. England Br’s excellent waterways & trade position Triumph of rich middle class willing & able to invest in new business & tech. (FC.96) Britain’s colonial empire (FC.96C) New agricultural tech’s (FC.109) New steam & textile tech. (FC.110)) Bank of Eng Money to invest (FC.96C) Ind. Rev. starts in Britain, putting it well ahead of the rest of the world Steamships & RRs Tie continents & globe more tightly together (FC.112) Virtual explosion of new tech’s, esp. after creation of research labs (FC.117)

  24. a FC.111 THE BIRTH OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION IN BRITAIN (c.1750) Population growth  Labor force & mkts for goods Resources for textile mills & markets for goods Develop transp. system: ships & canals Large deposits of coal & iron in N. England Br’s excellent waterways & trade position Triumph of rich middle class willing & able to invest in new business & tech. (FC.96) Britain’s colonial empire (FC.96C) New agricultural tech’s (FC.109) New steam & textile tech. (FC.110)) Bank of Eng Money to invest (FC.96C) Ind. Rev. starts in Britain, putting it well ahead of the rest of the world Steamships & RRs Tie continents & globe more tightly together (FC.112) Virtual explosion of new tech’s, esp. after creation of research labs (FC.117) Gradual improvement in women’s status (FC.114)

  25. a FC.111 THE BIRTH OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION IN BRITAIN (c.1750) Population growth  Labor force & mkts for goods Resources for textile mills & markets for goods Develop transp. system: ships & canals Large deposits of coal & iron in N. England Br’s excellent waterways & trade position Triumph of rich middle class willing & able to invest in new business & tech. (FC.96) Britain’s colonial empire (FC.96C) New agricultural tech’s (FC.109) New steam & textile tech. (FC.110)) Bank of Eng Money to invest (FC.96C) Ind. Rev. starts in Britain, putting it well ahead of the rest of the world Steamships & RRs Tie continents & globe more tightly together (FC.112) Virtual explosion of new tech’s, esp. after creation of research labs (FC.117) Gradual improvement in women’s status (FC.114) Drastic changes in soc. & family structure (FC.113)

  26. a FC.111 THE BIRTH OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION IN BRITAIN (c.1750) Population growth  Labor force & mkts for goods Resources for textile mills & markets for goods Develop transp. system: ships & canals Large deposits of coal & iron in N. England Br’s excellent waterways & trade position Triumph of rich middle class willing & able to invest in new business & tech. (FC.96) Britain’s colonial empire (FC.96C) New agricultural tech’s (FC.109) New steam & textile tech. (FC.110)) Bank of Eng Money to invest (FC.96C) Ind. Rev. starts in Britain, putting it well ahead of the rest of the world Steamships & RRs Tie continents & globe more tightly together (FC.112) Virtual explosion of new tech’s, esp. after creation of research labs (FC.117) Gradual improvement in women’s status (FC.114) Drastic changes in soc. & family structure (FC.113) Powerful forces & effects of Ind. Rev. spread across globe (FC.116)

  27. FC.117B AN OVERVIEW OF THE IMPACT OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION Need to help poor where church & family used to More $ in economy Higher standard of living Profusion of new tech’s Incentive to create new prod’s Research labs Higher stand. of living after initial decline Drastic changes in people’s lives: Impers. urban soc + sep. of home & work Nucl. fam. More sales Raise production More Jobs Awful work cond’s Reforms Need to protect people from rich & powerful Various psychological effects: Women win the vote More educ. women Rising status as seen in: Need to regulate growing interdep. within & b/w nations Power & expense of mod. weapons only it can afford Global economic & political interdependence RR’s, steamships & telegraph Dev. cont. interiors & link mkts, fact’s & resources Growing power of the indus. state due to: Govt’s fund RRs, & est. stand. gauges & safety rules Ind Rev starts in Britain (FC.111) Railroads (FC.112) Accelerating pace of tech. change (FC.117) Impact on women (FC.114) Social effects (FC.113) More soc. mobility & freer fashions More women in workforce More money and influence World seems smaller & more impersonal Longer livesLess religious & more materialistic Marxism as reaction vs. industrial conditions (FC.115) Outsourcing cycle ind. Rev. spreads across globe (FC.116)

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