Introduction to Animal Science: Evolution, Domestication, and Contributions

1. Introduction to Animal Science Mr. Bushman

2. Domestication • The animals : • Valued $$$ • Breeding is subject to human control • Survival depends on humans • Behavior is changed in domestication • Feed and water is controlled!

3. Domestication Across Globe • 1. Near East (Fertile Crescent) 10,000 years ago.

4. Domestication Across Globe • 2. South China 8,500 years ago

5. Domestication Across Globe • 3. North China – 7,700 years ago.

6. Domestication Across Globe • 4. Africa – 4,000 years ago.

7. Domestication Across Globe • 5. South Central Andes – 4,500 years ago

8. Domestication Across Globe • 6. Central Mexico – 4,700 years ago.

9. Domestication Across Globe • 7. Eastern United States – 4,500 years ago

10. Domestication

11. Domestication • Terms: • Wild Animal: • Not genetically altered by selective breeding. • Exotic Animal: • Wild animal not native to country. • Example, not from USA or Canada, etc…

12. Domestication • Terms: • Feral Animal: • A domestic animal that lives in the wild with no human assistance. • Breed: • A population of domestic animals, that the individual may vary in genotype and phenotype.

13. Historical Perspective

14. Historical Perspective • Homestead Act played a huge part of the livestock industry in the US • Land was free rather then cheap

15. Animal Science Animal Contributions

16. Functions of Livestock • Contributions to Humans • Food • Clothing • Power • Recreation • Research

17. Animal Contributions • Power • Horse • Mules • Donkeys, Burrows • Oxen • Recreation • Pleasure Horses • Livestock Show Competition • Rodeo • Food • Meat • Milk • Eggs • Clothing • Wool • Leather • Hair • Fur

18. Dairy Cattle Beef Cattle Sheep Swine Goats Horses Poultry What is considered Animal Science ? Animal Science Industry • Ostrich & Emu • Deer • Bison • Aquaculture • Llamas • Rare Breeds • Small Animals

19. Top Producing States • Beef Industry • 1. Texas • 2. Kansas • 3. Nebraska • 4. Oklahoma • 5. California

20. Top Producing States • Dairy Production Industry • 1. California • 2. Wisconsin • 3. New York • 4. Pennsylvania • 5. Michigan • 6. Idaho

21. Top Producing States • Sheep Production Industry • 1. Texas • 2. California • 3. Wyoming • 4. Colorado • 5. South Dakota

22. Top Producing States • Swine Production Industry • 1. Iowa • 2. North Carolina • 3. Michigan • 4. Illinois • 5. Indiana

23. Top Producing States • Layers Production Industry • 1. California • 2. Ohio • 3. Indiana • 4. Pennsylvania • 5. Iowa

24. Top Producing States----- • Broilers Production Industry • 1. Arkansas • 2. Georgia • 3. Alabama • 4. North Carolina • 5. Mississippi

25. Animal Production - General Purebred Producer Commercial Producers Farm Herd or Flock Farm Feeding Commercial Feedlot Direct to Processor Auction or Market Terminal Market

26. Conception to Consumption

27. Gender Terms for Livestock • Beef: • Cow – Female that has had offspring • Heifer – Female that has never given birth • Bull – Male with testicles • Steer – Castrated Bull

28. Gender Terms for Livestock • Swine: • Sow – Female that has had offspring • Guilt – Female that has never given birth • Boar – Male with testicles • Barrow – Castrated Boar

29. Gender Terms for Livestock • Sheep: • Ewe – Female • Ram – Male with testicles • Weither – Castrated Ram • Horse: • Mare – Female Horse • Stallion – Male with testicles • Gelding – Castrated Stallion