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Progressivism

Progressivism. Definition:. A middle-class reform movement to recapture control of their own government. It involved getting rid of corruption and pushing the government to become an agency of human welfare. Both Republican & Democratic presidents took up the Progressive cause.

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Progressivism

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  1. Progressivism

  2. Definition: A middle-class reform movement to recapture control of their own government. It involved getting rid of corruption and pushing the government to become an agency of human welfare. Both Republican & Democratic presidents took up the Progressive cause.

  3. Where did Progressivism come from? • Populist Party ideas • Graduated income tax • Initiative, referendum, recall • Secret ballot • Direct election of senators

  4. Where from (con’t) • Churches:YMCA • NAACP:Change for A-A. • On-going reform movements: • Temperance: Carrie Nation • Women’s rights • Aid to Immigrants (Addams, Riis) • Workers’/child rights (unions)

  5. Women’s Rights: The older leaders are dying off:Anthony, Mott & Stanton New leaders & the Suffragist Movement: Carrie Chapman Catt and Alice Paul

  6. Carrie Chapman Catt PRESIDENT OF THE NAWSA: National American Woman Suffrage Association & founder of the League of Women Voters

  7. Alice Paul Founder of the National Woman’s Party, a more radical group that sought a Constitutional amendment to vote & wanted an Equal Rights Amendment as well.

  8. Methods of the NWP • Hunger Strikes • Picketting • Alice Paul chained herself to the White House fence.

  9. Muckrakers: crusading journalists

  10. Important Muckrakers: Published in magazines like McClures & Colliers • Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle • An expose of the meat-packing industry. • Led to the Meat Inspection Act and the Pure Food & Drug Act

  11. Important muckrakers #2 Ida Tarbell: Expose of Standard Oil

  12. Important Muckrakers: #3 Lincoln Steffens:exposes the corrupt alliance between business & government.

  13. Changes in Local Government • From political bosses to new forms of organization(copying the efficiency of business). • City-manager form of government • Commission form of government

  14. Changes in State Government Fighting Bob Lafollette controls the RRs.

  15. Changes in Federal Government Teddy Roosevelt’s Square Deal The 3 C’s

  16. TR’s Domestic Policy: Consumer Protection • Meat Inspection Act • Pure Food & Drug Act – labeling contents

  17. Control of Corporations • Northern Securities Case – enforcement of Sherman Anti-Trust Act against Morgan’s RR monopoly • Hepburn & Elkins Acts – more specific enforcement of I.C.C. control of RR • Arbitration of Coal Miners’ Strike

  18. Conservation

  19. Realistic Conservation v. purist conservation Gifford Pinchot-Head of the Forestry Department v. John Muir-President of the Sierra Club Hetch-Hetchy Valley controversy: Build an water supply for San Francisco in Yosemite?

  20. More conservation • TR preserved 51 bird sanctuaries, 150 national forests, & 5 new national parks, along with 21 reclamation projects like the Newlands Act. Crater Lake N.P., Oregon

  21. Tr’s Foreign Policy I took the isthmus!

  22. Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine: The U.S. can interfere in central & S. america for their own good.

  23. “Big Stick” policy • Speak softly but carry a big stick. • Great White Fleet –white for peace on battleships

  24. Foreign Policy: Japan • 1905: Mediated Russo-Japanese War, gets Nobel Peace Prize • 1907 Gentlemen’s Agreement-no segregation of Japanese children in U.S. schools in exchange for limited Japanese immigration • Root-Takahira agreement to honor each others Pacific islands

  25. 1912: Progressive Party: Bull Moose Party Unhappy with Taft, TR runs for president again. Splits Republican supporters. Wilson wins.

  26. Wilson’s New Freedom Wilson declares war on the “triple wall of privilege”: the trusts, the tariff & the banks.

  27. Trust Legislation: • Clayton Anti-Trust Act: “the Magna Carta for Labor” – strengthened the Sherman Anti-Trust Act & exempted labor unions & agricultural cooperatives from anti-trust actions. • Federal Trade Commission (FTC)-proactive organization to end unfair business practices.

  28. Tariff Legislation: Underwood Tariff lowers the tariff. Government’s new major source of income is the income tax, passed as the 16th Amendment to the Constitution.

  29. Banking Legislation: Federal Reserve System: elastic currency

  30. Banking (con’t) • Federal Farm Loan Act –credit to farmers at low interest. • Warehouse Act – loans on warehoused crops.

  31. Other Progressive reforms under Wilson • Better working conditions: • Workingmen’s Compensation Act – disability pay for civil service employees • Adamson Act: 8 hr. day for all RR workers on interstate trains. Pay for overtime

  32. Progressive Amendments: • In addition to the Income Tax (16th), there is the • 17th Amendment – direct election of senators • 18th Amendment – prohibition of alcohol • 19th Amendment – Women’s suffrage

  33. Wilson’s Foreign Policy: an attempt to move away from imperialism • Tried to put an end to Taft’s dollar diplomacy • Repealed the act that exempted Americans from paying tolls on the Panama Canal • Passed the Jones Act which promised independence for the Philippines when they had a “stable gov’t”

  34. But we intervened in: http://www.teachingamericanhistory.org/neh/interactives/caribbean/

  35. Mexican Revolution

  36. 1913-Coup d’etat in Mexico • Huerta grabs control of Mexican gov’t • Wilson sends arms to Huerta’s enemies: Carranza & Pancho Villa • Tampico Incident: Mexico arrests American sailors. Release but refuse 21 gun salute. • Wilson sends navy to interrupt German shipment of guns to Huerta.

  37. Mexican problem (con’t The ABC Powers (Argentina, Brazil & Chile) intervene _ no war.Huerta falls, Carranza takes over. Pancho Villa becomes a renegade, kills Americans, even crossing border into N. Mexico. Wilson sends “Black Jack Pershing” to capture Villa. He fails. Troops withdrawn in 1917.

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